Parkinson’s disease patients’ subjective descriptions of characteristics of chronic pain, sleeping patterns and health-related quality of life

Figures & data

Table 1 Basal characteristics of the study population, duration of pain, severity of PD and pharmacological treatment

Sex	Agea (years)	Duration of paina (years)	UPDRS (3) scorea	UPDRS (1–4) scorea	H and Yb score	Levodopaa,c treatment (mg)	Antidepressants (n)	Anxiolytics/sedatives (n)
Females (n = 28)	66.7/66.5 (60/73)	6.5/4 (1/13)	23.3/23 (10/37)	36.3/36 (19/60)	2 (0/3)	634/562 (300/1140)	6	23
Males (n = 16)	62.8/64.5 (54/69)	4.8/4 (2/10)	20.4/16.5 (12/36)	34.5/32.5 (24/49)	1.5 (0/3)	768/758 (350/1205)	2	16
Total	65.3/66 (59/73)	5.8/4.0 (1.4/12)	22.2/20 (10/36)	36.3/35.5 (21/60)	2 (0/3)	682/650 (300/1205)	8	39

Notes:

a Values are given as mean/median (10/90th percentiles);

b median;

c LED levodopa equivalent doses, according to Tomlinson et al.³⁷

Abbreviations: PD, Parkinson’s disease, UPDRS, Unified Parkinson’s Disease Rating Scale; H and Y, Hoehn and Yahr scale.

Table 2 Basal characteristics, onset, duration, and expression of pain

Gender	Duration* of disease ≤5/>5	Pain before/after PD diagnosis	Duration** of pain/day ≤10 h/10 h	VAS# ≤5/>5	Pain expressions by participants
					Migrating	Irritating	Worrying	Trouble-some	Tiring	Suffocating	RLS†
Females (28)	11/16‡	10/17‡	20/8	13/14‡	13^a	5^a	3	20^a	20	1	5^a
Males (16)	9/7	6/10	9/7	9/7	4^a	9^a	5	5^a	9	0	10^a

Notes:

* Less or more than 5 years;

** maximal duration (less or more than 10 hours) of pain days 1–5;

# visual analog scale maximal pain (less or more than 5 cm) days 1–5;

† restless legs syndrome (yes/no);

‡ 1 missing data; a = statistical significant differences between sexes, P-value ≤0.05.

Abbreviations: PD, Parkinson’s disease; VAS, visual analog scale; RLS, restless legs syndrome.

Figure 1 Pain (VAS^max) and HRQoL (SF-36^®, Swe.ver.1) in the study group.

Notes: ¹0 (worst) −100 (best); ²Visual analog scale: 0 cm (no pain) −10 cm (worst pain); ³presented within age groups of reference population; (mean) weighted according to sex distribution within PD group; 64%/36%, (females/males); ⁴PD-group; (mean [SD]): PF: 58.4 (22.0), RP: 40.5 (41.0), BP: 41.9 (16.4), GH: 47.6 (17.5), VT: 50.6 (20.2), SF: 70.5 (26.7), RE: 62.9 (44.8), MH: 70.4 (21.2).
Abbreviations: VAS^max, visual analog scale maximum pain; HRQoL, health-related quality of life; SF-36, Short-Form Health Survey; PD, Parkinson’s disease; PF, Physical Functioning; RP, Physical Roles; BP, Bodily Pain; GH, General Health; VT, Vitality; SF, Social Functioning; RE, Emotional Role; MH, Mental Health.

Figure 2 Visualization of the localization of chronic pain and differences between sexes.

TomlinsonCLStoweRPatelSRickCGrayRClarkeCESystematic review of levodopa dose equivalency reporting in Parkinson’s diseaseMov Disord201025152649265321069833

 PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar