Mood disorders and complementary and alternative medicine: a literature review

Figures & data

Figure 1 Literature search.

Table 1 Complementary and alternative treatment modalities^34–36

Aromatic therapy (B)	Prophetic medicine (S)	Acupuncture (B)
Ayurveda (B)	Islamic medicine (S)	Aikido (B)
Chiropractic therapy (B)	Cupping therapy (B)	Biochemics (B)
Touch therapy (B)	Laser therapy (B)	Bioelectromagnetic (B)
Arabic-Hakim medicine (B)	Moxa therapy (B)	Chiropody (B)
Lymphatic drainage massage (B)	Polar therapy (B)	Absent healing (S)
Reflexology (B)	Bach’s flower therapy	Contact healing (S)
Homeopathy (B)	Macrobiotic diet therapy (B)	Dance therapy (B)
Ionic therapy (B)	Bates exercise (B)	Eckankar (S)
Rising sun physical therapy (B)	Air therapy (B)	Mind power (S)
Shiatsu (Japanese massage) (B)	Mineral water therapy (B)	Palmistry (S)
Camel milk and urine therapy (B)	Hypnosis (M)	Paradox therapy (S)
Uncooked foods therapy (B)	Yoga (B)	Structural integration (B)
Tai chi (B)	Herbal medicine (B)	Tantric medicine (B)
Faith therapy (S)	Fasting (B)	Lotte Berk method (B)
Reiki massage (B)	Hobbies therapy (B)	Lakhovsky oscillatory coils (B)
Spiritual healing (S)	Energy therapy (B)	Ionization (B)
Healthy nutrition therapy (B)	Ozone therapy (B)	Sleep therapy (B)
Healing by steam bath, sauna (B)	Water spraying (B)	Homeopathy (B)
Laughing therapy (B)	Visualization therapy (M)	Gravitonics (B)
Dream therapy (M)	Biorecovery therapy (B)	Feldenkrais (B)
Honey therapy (B)	Pyramidal energy (B)	Autosuggestion (M)
Bee sting therapy (B)	Bee product therapy (B)	Apple cider vinegar and honey (B)
Vitamin therapy (B)	Intuition sciences (M)	Alexander method (B)
Iriodology (B)	Chiropractic therapy (B)	Adlerian analysis (M)
Mineral therapy (B)	Natural therapy (M)	Alexandrian analysis (M)
Cauterization (B)	Bone setting (B)	Astrology (M)
Cellular mineral therapy (B)	Medical massage (B)	Bioenergetics (B)
Osteopathy (B)	Chiropractic skull therapy (B)	Biofeedback training (B)
Art therapy (M)	Traditional Chinese medicine (B)	Direct decision therapy (M)
Insect therapy (M)	Color therapy (M)	Ericksonian analysis (M)
Clay therapy (M)	Zen macrobiotics (B)	Existential analysis (M)
Frommian analysis (M)	Gestalt therapy (M)	Graphology (B)
Polarity therapy (M)	Sex therapy (M)	Hornevian therapy (M)
Rediesthesia (M)	Enlightened healing (S)	Imagery therapy (M)
Reich’s orgone therapy (M)	Evangelistic healing (S)	Jungian analysis (M)
Rikli’s sunshine cure (M)	Paradox therapy (S)	Logotherapy (M)
Rationale therapy (S)	Pecci-Hoffman’s therapy (S)	Maslovian analysis (M)
Scientology (S)	Primal therapy (S)	Mensendick system (M)
Spiritualists (S)	Rankian therapy (M)	Napropathy (B)
Sullivanian analysis (M)	Transactional analysis (M)	Phrenology (B)
	Zen (S)	Phrenosophical spiritual healing (S)

Note: Many of these therapies overlap mind (M), body (B), and spirit (S) concepts.

Table 2 Herbal medicinal products: contaminants and adverse effects^93–101

Contaminants	Adverse effects
Dust Pollens Insects Rodents Parasites Microbes Fungi Mould Toxins Pesticides Mercury Cadmium Chromium Lead Arsenic and Prescription drugs	Agranulocytosis Meningitis Multiorgan failure Perinatal stroke Arsenic Lead or mercury poisoning Malignancies or carcinomas Hepatic encephalopathy Hepatorenal syndrome Nephrotoxicity Rhabdomyolysis Metabolic acidosis Renal or liver failure Cerebral edema Coma Intracerebral hemorrhage Death

Note: *These contaminants were found mostly in herbal products originating in People’s Republic of China, India, and the US.

Table 3 Treatment options in Ayurvedic medicine

Diet	Yoga practices
Lifestyle changes	Herbal preparations
Herbs, spices	Cleansings
Avoidance of risk/aggravating factors	Use of immunomodulators
Psychotherapy	Rejuvenation medicines
Massage	Palliative treatments
Meditation	Panchakarma detoxification

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