Does participation in a weight control program also improve clinical and functional outcomes for Chinese patients with schizophrenia treated with olanzapine?

Figures & data

Table 1 Baseline characteristics

Characteristic	Non-WCP (n=177)	All WCP (n=153)	Baseline WCP (n=93)	Post-baseline WCP (n=60)	P-valuea	P-valueb
Age (y), mean ± SD	29.3±10.4	29.0±10.5	29.2±9.9	28.6±11.3	0.812	0.717
Female (%)	57.6	51.0	50.5	51.7	0.268	1.000
Married (%)	24.9	29.4	31.2	26.7	0.731	0.732
Working for pay (%)	14.7	11.1	12.9	8.3	0.070	0.068
Independent living (%)	6.8	12.4	15.1	8.3	<0.001	0.239
Duration of illness (years), mean ± SD	4.6±8.6	2.8±5.8	2.9±6.2	2.6±4.9	0.029	0.841
Initial olanzapine dose (mg), mean ± SD	9.6±5.6	9.4±5.2	9.2±4.7	9.5±5.8	0.757	0.744
CGI-S, mean ± SD	4.6±1.2	4.8±1.1	4.8±1.0	4.9±1.1	0.082	0.574
Prior antipsychotic therapy (%)	70.5	49.0	45.2	55.6	<0.001	0.236
BMI (kg/m^2), mean ± SD	22.0±2.9	21.9±2.9	21.9±2.5	21.8±3.6	0.733	0.844
Prior weight gain during antipsychotic therapy (%)	4.5	13.7	12.9	15.0	0.006	0.811
Normal weight (BMI category) (%)	75.7	80.4	81.7	78.3	0.541	0.083
Non-smokers (%)	81.8	74.1	76.7	69.8	0.253	0.831
Weight (kg), mean ± SD	61.3±10.5	60.5±10.1	60.5±8.6	60.5±12.2	0.471	0.980
Number of social activities, mean ± SD	1.8±1.9	1.6±1.7	1.5±1.5	1.8±1.9	0.326	0.461
Patient insight, mean ± SD	1.4±1.2	1.3±1.2	1.2±1.1	1.5±1.5	0.503	0.107
Work impairment, mean ± SD	2.5±1.1	2.3±1.3	2.3±1.3	2.3±1.3	0.195	0.987

Notes:

a Comparison between non-WCP and all-WCP groups;

b comparison between baseline WCP and post-baseline WCP groups. Patient insight into their illness at the time of assessment was measured using a simple 5-point investigator-rated question (0: none, 1: low, 2: medium, 3: moderate, or 4: high). Work impairment in the past month was measured using a simple 5-point investigator-rated question (0: no impairment, 1: mild impairment, 2: moderate impairment, 3: severe impairment, 4: unable to work due to mental illness).

Abbreviations: BMI, body mass index; CGI-S, Clinical Global Impression of Severity; SD, standard deviation; WCP, weight control program.

Figure 1 Body weight change.

Notes: The values in the figure represent the LS means from the MMRM. The blue asterisks indicate the monthly comparison between the non-WCP and any WCP groups, and the green asterisks represent the monthly comparisons between the baseline WCP and post-baseline WCP groups; *P<0.05.
Abbreviations: LS, least squares; MMRM, mixed models for repeated measures; WCP, weight control program.

Figure 2 CGI-S change.

Notes: The values in the figure represent the LS means from the MMRM. The asterisks indicate statistical significance level (*P<0.05; ***P<0.001). The blue asterisks indicate the monthly comparison between the non-WCP and any WCP groups, and the green asterisks represent the monthly comparisons between to the baseline WCP and post-baseline WCP groups.
Abbreviations: CGI-S; Clinical Global Impression of Severity; LS, least squares; MMRM, mixed models for repeated measures; WCP, weight control program.

Figure 3 Time to first response during the study.

Notes: The log-rank tests showed that the patients who participated in any WCP had a significantly shorter time to symptomatic response than the non-WCP patients (P<0.001). There was no significant difference between baseline WCP and the post-baseline WCP patients (P=0.15).
Abbreviation: WCP, weight control program.

Figure 4 Change in work impairment.

Notes: The values in the figure represent the LS means from the MMRM. The blue asterisks indicate statistical significance level (*P<0.05) of the monthly comparison between the non-WCP and any WCP groups.
Abbreviations: LS, least squares; MMRM, mixed models for repeated measures; WCP, weight control program.

Figure 5 Change in patient insight.

Notes: The values in the figure represent the LS means from the MMRM. The blue asterisks indicate statistical significance level (*P<0.05; **P<0.01; ***P<0.001) of the monthly comparison between the non-WCP and any WCP groups, and the green asterisks represent the monthly comparisons between to baseline WCP and post-baseline WCP groups.
Abbreviations: LS, least squares; MMRM, mixed models for repeated measures; WCP, weight control program.

Figure 6 Change in social activities.

Note: The values in the figure represent the LS means from the MMRM.
Abbreviations: LS, least squares; MMRM, mixed models for repeated measures; WCP, weight control program.