Are sleep patterns influenced by race/ethnicity – a marker of relative advantage or disadvantage? Evidence to date

Figures & data

Table 1 Racial/ethnic disparities in selected sleep dimensions compared to non-Hispanic White adults

	Sleep duration	Sleep quality	Sleepiness	Sleep complaints
American Indian and Alaska Native	^Citation45	IE	IE	IE
Asian	^Citation22,Citation26,Citation37,Citation49	^Citation22,Citation28	^Citation22	^Citation28
Black	^Citation22,Citation32,Citation37,Citation43,Citation53	^Citation22,Citation33,Citation36,Citation44	^Citation22	MR^Citation22,Citation57
Hispanic/Latino	^Citation22,Citation26,Citation32,Citation37,Citation43,Citation64	MR^Citation22,Citation44,Citation61	MR^Citation22	^Citation22,Citation26,Citation29,Citation44,Citation64
Native Hawaiian and Pacific Islander	^Citation66,Citation114	IE	IE	IE^Citation66

Note: The direction of the arrow refers to the direction of the association (e.g. lower or higher). 

Abbreviations: IE-insufficient evidence; MR-mixed results.

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