Characterization of AMPK in female Aedes aegypti and Georgecraigius atropalpus mosquitoes in relation to low and adequate food intake

Figures & data

Figure 1 Effect of AMPK activators on nutrient reserves of adult female Georgecraigius atropalpus.

Notes: (A) Lipid amounts, (B) glycogen amounts, and (C) protein amounts in high-reserve females (dark gray bars) and in low-reserve females (white bars) given either 3% sucrose only, 3% sucrose with 2 mM AICAR, or 3% sucrose with 5 μM oligomycin for 36 hours. All nutrient values represent adjusted mean ± standard error of the mean; N=12. Within figure, columns representing control females with * are significantly different (from linear contrast test P<0.001). Columns representing females fed AMPK activators with ** are significantly different (from linear contrast test P<0.001).
Abbreviation: AICAR, 5-aminoimidazole-4-carboxamide-ribonucleoside.

Figure 2 Effect of AMPK activators on follicle growth in adult Georgecraigius atropalpus.

Notes: (A) Growth of primary follicles and (B) number of primary follicles in ovaries of high-reserve (dark gray bars) and low-reserve (white bars) females given either 3% sucrose only, 3% sucrose with 2 mM AICAR, or 3% sucrose with 5 mM oligomycin for 36 hours. Within the figure, columns with different letters are significantly different (from a Tukey-Kramer HSD P<0.05).
Abbreviations: AICAR, 5-aminoimidazole-4-carboxamide-ribonucleoside; HSD, honest significant difference.

Figure 3 Effect of AMPK activators on nutrient reserves of adult female Aedes aegypti.

Notes: (A) Protein amounts, (B) glycogen amounts, and (C) lipid amounts in females given either 3% sucrose only, 3% sucrose with 2 mM AICAR, or 3% sucrose with 5 μM oligomycin (dark gray bars) or in females given either water only, water with 2 mM AICAR, or water with 5 μM oligomycin (white bars) for 36 hours. All nutrient values represent adjusted mean ± standard error of the mean; N=12. Within figure, columns representing control females with * are significantly different (from linear contrast test P<0.001). Columns representing females fed AMPK activators with ** are significantly different (from linear contrast test P<0.001).
Abbreviation: AICAR, 5-aminoimidazole-4-carboxamide-ribonucleoside.

Figure 4 Comparison of the effect of AMPK activators on nutrient reserves of adult female Georgecraigius atropalpus and Aedes aegypti.

Notes: (A) Protein amounts, (B) glycogen amounts, and (C) lipid amounts in Gc. atropalpus (dark gray bars) and in Ae. aegypti (white bars) females given either 3% sucrose only, 3% sucrose with 2 mM AICAR, or 3% sucrose with 5 μM oligomycin for 36 hours. All nutrient values represent adjusted mean ± standard error of the mean; N=13. Within figure, columns representing females fed AMPK activators with ** are significantly different (from linear contrast test P<0.01).
Abbreviation: AICAR, 5-aminoimidazole-4-carboxamide-ribonucleoside.

Figure 5 qPCR analysis of AMPK transcript abundance in heads, guts (without blood), abdominal walls (including fat body), and ovaries of Aedes aegypti females in response to feeding on water, sucrose, or blood meal.

Notes: Bars represent normalized levels of transcripts in each tissue with tissue from females given only water chosen as calibrator. Its ratio of 1.0 is indicated by dashed line. Within the figure, columns with different letters are significantly different (from a Tukey-Kramer HSD test P<0.05).
Abbreviations: qPCR, quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction; HSD, honest significant difference; PBM, post-blood meal.