Profile and Management Outcomes of Fireworks-Related Eye Injuries in Saudi Arabia: A 16-Year Retrospective Study

Figures & data

Table 1 Diagnosis of Fireworks-Related Ocular Injuries

Anterior Segment Trauma	Number	Percentage
Burns to the eyelids	10	6.4
Eyelid laceration	4	2.6
Orbital fracture	1	0.6
Conjunctival wound/burn	6	3.9
Corneal abrasion	23	14.8
Conjunctival/Corneal foreign body	10	6.4
Limbal Stem cell deficiency	16	10.3
Hyphema	36	23.2
Corneal/Sclera/Corneoscleral laceration	55	35.5
Traumatic cataract	52	33.5
Dislocated lens	19	12.2
Iridodialysis	13	8.4
Angle recession/secondary glaucoma	35	22.6
Lens subluxation	8	5.1
Traumatic iritis	11	7.1
Posterior Segment Trauma	Number	Percentage
Vitreous hemorrhage	16	10.3
Optic nerve contusion	5	3.2
Retinal detachment	15	9.7
Choroidal detachment	3	1.9
Commotio retinae	6	3.9
Traumatic macular hole	3	1.9
Intraocular foreign body	22	14.2
Endophthalmitis	2	1.3
Choroidal ruptures	1	0.6

Table 2 Classification of Fireworks-Related Ocular Injuries

Type of Injury	N= 155 Eyes	Percentage
Closed globe injury (CGI)	100	64.5%
Open globe injury (OGI)	55	35.5%

Abbreviations: CGI, closed globe injury; OGI, open globe injury.

Table 3 Surgical Management of Eyes with Fireworks Injuries

Surgical Management	Number	Percentage
Corneal/Scleral/Corneoscleral repair	55	35.5
Vitrectomy	19	12.2
Cataract extraction and IOL insertion	51	32.9
Repair of eyelid	4	2.6
Repair of orbital fracture	1	0.6
Trabeculectomy	4	2.6
Enucleation	9	5.8
Anterior chamber washout	1	0.6
Amniotic membrane transplantation	19	12.2
Corneal transplantation	2	1.3
Removal of IOFB	18	11.6

Abbreviations: IOL, intraocular lens; IOFB, intraocular foreign body.

Figure 1 Severe eye trauma with eyelid laceration and open globe injury in a child with firework injury.

Figure 2 Subluxated cataractous lens in the eye of a person having a firework injury.