Effect of telehealth-to-home interventions on quality of life for individuals with depressive and anxiety disorders

Figures & data

Table 1 Key components of quality of life influenced by telehealth-to-home treatment

Global quality of life
Physical well-being	Physical functioning Physical role limitations Fatigue Pain Physical activity levels Adherence to disease-modifying therapies Physical complications of medical illness
Mental well-being	Enjoyment and satisfaction with life Personal resourcefulness Global assessment of functioning Perceived disabilities High end functioning (eg, near complete or 100% resolution of psychiatric symptoms) Burden Satisfaction with mental health treatment Personal gains
Social and occupational functioning	Work productivity Work limitations Loneliness Social role functioning Relationship health and quality Assistance support

Table 2 Effect sizes for quality of life outcome measures across telehealth interventions

Quality of life category	Quality of life subcategory	QoL outcome 1 : (effect size, QoL measure, citation)	QoL outcome 2: (effect size, QoL measure, citation)	QoL outcome 3: (effect size, QoL measure, citation)	QoL outcome 4: (effect size, QoL measure, citation)
Physical wellbeing	Physical functioning	2.02^a Sheehan Disability Scale^Citation94	1.31^a SF-36 Physical Composite Scale^Citation77	0.28^a SF-12 Physical Role Limitation^Citation75	0.20^a SF-36 Physical Role Limitation Subscale^Citation10
	Adherence to disease-modifying therapies Physical complications of medical disease	4.5^b Interferon Medical Treatment Adherence^Citation63 0.50^a MS-Related Symptoms Checklist^Citation64	0.20^a HAART Medication Adherence Scale^Citation73
	Physical activity level	1.55^a Duke Activity Status index^Citation77	0.56^a Steps Per Day as proxy for physical activity^Citation75	0.55^a 7-Day Physical Activity Recall^Citation64
Mental wellbeing	enjoyment and satisfaction with life Burden	1.83^a Quality of Life enjoyment and Satisfaction Questionnaire^Citation94 1.12^a DASS-Stress subscale^Citation110	0.88^a Subjective QoL rating (1-10)^Citation76 0.42^a Subjective Burden Rating^Citation81	0.70^a SF-12 Emotional Role Limitation^Citation75 0.16^a Caregiving Distress Scale^Citation10	0.61^a Quality of Life inventory^Citation98
	Personal resourcefulness	1.41^a Perceived Competence Scale^Citation75
	Global assessment of functioning	3.73^b Patient Global improvement Scale^Citation76	0.57^a SF-36 Mental Composite Scale^Citation77	0.36^a SF-36 Mental Composite Scale^Citation26	0.30^a OQ-45^Citation72
	Personal gains	1.00^a Mobility inventory: Alone^Citation53	0.60^a Penn State worry Questionnaire^Citation26	0.58^a Confidence As A Speaker^Citation98
Social and occupational functioning	Social support	0.49^a Support Assistance^Citation81	0.15^a Social Feedback Questionnaire^Citation10
	Social role functioning	0.64^a work Social Adjustment^Citation101	0.36^a SF-36 Social Functioning Subscale^Citation10

Notes: This table includes effects size measures from all studies highlighted in the text, where data for effect size calculations were available;

a indicates a Cohen’s d effect size;

b indicates an odds ratio effect size.

Abbreviations: HAART, highly active antiretroviral therapy; SF, Short Form; OQ, Outcome Questionnaire; DASS, Depression Anxiety and Stress Scale; QoL, quality of life.

Table 3 Recommendations to advance application of telehealth-to-home treatment

1. Additional research on video-to-home telehealth platforms

2. Strategies to increase uptake and implementation of telehealth-to-home interventions amongst mental health treatment providers

3. National legislative reform to establish fair and appropriate reimbursement parameters for telemental health-to-home care

4. Standardized definitions of telehealth-to-home services to facilitate provider engagement and reimbursement

5. Systematic approaches for measuring cost-effectiveness of telehealth-to-home treatments

Moreno FA, Chong J, Dumbauld J, Humke M, Byreddy S. Use of standard webcam and Internet equipment for telepsychiatry treatment of depression among underserved Hispanics. Psychiatr Serv. 2012;63(12):1213–1217.

 PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar

Rollman BL, Belnap BH, LeMenager MS, et al. Telephone-delivered collaborative care for treating post-CABG depression: a randomized controlled trial. JAMA. 2009;302(19):2095–2103.

 PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar

Piette JD, Richardson C, Himle J, et al. A randomized trial of telephonic counseling plus walking for depressed diabetes patients. Med Care. 2011;49(7):641–648.

 PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar

Dobkin RD, Menza M, Allen LA, et al. Telephone-based cognitive-behavioral therapy for depression in Parkinson disease. J Geriatr Psychiatry Neurol. 2011;24(4):206–214.

 PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar

Mohr DC, Likosky W, Bertagnolli A, et al. Telephone-administered cognitive-behavioral therapy for the treatment of depressive symptoms in multiple sclerosis. J Consult Clin Psychol. 2000;68(2):356–361.

 PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar

Bombardier CH, Ehde DM, Gibbons LE, et al. Telephone-based physical activity counseling for major depression in people with multiple sclerosis. J Consult Clin Psychol. 2013;81(1):89–99.

 PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar

Himelhoch S, Medoff D, Maxfield J, et al. Telephone based cognitive behavioral therapy targeting major depression among urban dwelling, low income people living with HIV/AIDS: results of a randomized controlled trial. AIDS Behav. 2013;17(8):2756–2764.

 PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar

Gros DF, Veronee K, Strachan M, Ruggiero KJ, Acierno R. Managing suicidality in home-based telehealth. J Telemed Telecare. 2011;17(6):332–335.

 Web of Science ®Google Scholar

Katon WJ, Lin EH, Von Korff M, et al. Collaborative care for patients with depression and chronic illnesses. N Engl J Med. 2010;363(27):2611–2620.

 PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar

Glueckauf RL, Davis WS, Willis F, et al. Telephone-based, cognitive-behavioral therapy for African American dementia caregivers with depression: initial findings. Rehabil Psychol. 2012;57(2):124–139.

 PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar

Andersson G, Carlbring P, Holmström A, et al. Internet-based self-help with therapist feedback and in vivo group exposure for social phobia: a randomized controlled trial. J Consult Clin Psychol. 2006;74(4):677–686.

 PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar

Brenes GA, Miller ME, Williamson JD, et al. A randomized controlled trial of telephone-delivered cognitive-behavioral therapy for late-life anxiety disorders. Am J Geriatr Psychiatry. 2012;20(8):707–716.

 PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar

Ransom D, Heckman TG, Anderson T, Garske J, Holroyd K, Basta T. Telephone-delivered, interpersonal psychotherapy for HIV-infected rural persons with depression: a pilot trial. Psychiatr Serv. 2008;59(8):871–877.

 PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar

Carlbring P, Bohman S, Brunt S, et al. Remote treatment of panic disorder: a randomized trial of Internet-based cognitive behavior therapy supplemented with telephone calls. Am J Psychiatry. 2006;163(12):2119–2125.

 PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar

Schneider AJ, Mataix-Cols D, Marks IM, Bachofen M. Internet-guided self-help with or without exposure therapy for phobic and panic disorders. Psychother Psychosom. 2005;74(3):154–164.

 PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar