Quantitative Evaluation of Biceps Brachii Muscle by Shear Wave Elastography in Stroke Patients

Figures & data

Figure 1 Shear wave quality is estimated using a shear wave quality map. Homogeneous green of the left image in the region of interest indicates good quality of shear wave speed estimation; the credibility index is 100%.

Table 1 Clinical Characteristics of Stroke Patients and Healthy Controls

	Stroke Patients (n=61)	Healthy Controls (n=24)	P-value
Age (years)	63.5±12.7	62.1±10.3	0.637
Height (cm)	163.9±8.1	160.8±6.2	0.099
Weight (kg)	63.4±12.1	64.9±10.4	0.604
BMI (kg/m^2)	23.4±3.4	23.5±2.7	0.932
Sex (male/female)	38/23	13/11	0.412
Latency (months)	3.4±1.7
MAS	0 (n=10)	0	0
	1 (n=17)
	1+ (n=9)
	2 (n=21)
	3 (n=4)

Note: P>0.05, no significant difference between stroke patients and healthy controls.

Abbreviations: BMI, body mass index; MAS, modified Ashworth scale.

Table 2 Cross-Sectional Area (CSA) and Thickness Values of BBM Between Stroke Patients (Paretic or Non-Paretic Side) and Healthy Controls

	Paretic Sides	Non-Paretic Sides	Healthy Controls
CSA	6.52±2.18^※#	7.42±2.47^Δ	7.71±2.26
Thickness	14.75±3.52^※#	16.00±3.81^Δ	17.45±2.90

Note: ^※P<0.05 vs healthy controls; ^#P<0.05 vs non-paretic sides; ^ΔP>0.05 vs healthy controls.

Figure 2 Ultrasound images showed CSA (cross-sectional area) and thickness on the paretic side and non-paretic side of a stroke survivor and a healthy person.

Table 3 Shear Wave Velocity (SWS) Values of BBM Between Stroke Patients (Paretic or Non-Paretic Side) and Healthy Controls

	Paretic Sides	Non-Paretic Sides	Healthy Controls
45° SWS (m/s)	4.47±1.29^※#	3.78±0.83^Δ	3.57±0.47
90° SWS (m/s)	7.21±1.58^※#	4.59±0.81^※	3.85±0.65

Note: ^※P<0.05 vs healthy controls; ^#P<0.05 vs non-paretic sides; ^ΔP>0.05 vs healthy controls.

Figure 3 Shear wave elastography of the bilateral biceps brachii muscles (BBM) of stroke patients and healthy individuals, when the upper limbs were positioned at 90° (A) or 45° (B).

Table 4 SWS Correlation Analysis Using MAS on the Spastic Side

MAS	P value	Correlation Coefficient
45° SWS	P<0.05	0.382
90° SWS	P<0.05	0.399