Men with testosterone deficiency and a history of cardiovascular diseases benefit from long-term testosterone therapy: observational, real-life data from a registry study

Figures & data

Table 1 Baseline comorbidities and concomitant medication in 77 hypogonadal men with a history of cardiovascular diseases

Age (minimum; maximum) (years)	60.65±4.98 (43; 68)
Metabolic diseases
Obesity	71 (92.2%)
Overweight	5 (6.5%)
Diabetes mellitus type 2	41 (53.2%)
Diabetes mellitus type 1	5 (6.5%)
Cardiovascular diseases
History of myocardial infarction	40 (51.9%)
History of stroke	7 (9.1%)
Previous diagnosis of coronary artery disease	48 (62.3%)
Total cardiovascular diseases	77 (100%)
Medication use
Antihypertensives	72 (93.5%)
Lipid-lowering medications	58 (75.3%)
Antidiabetic medications	37 (48.1%)

Figure 1 Anthropometric parameters in hypogonadal men with a history of cardiovascular disease receiving long-term testosterone therapy.

Notes: (A) Body weight (kg), (B) weight loss (%), (C) waist circumference (cm), and (D) BMI (kg/m²). Data are shown as mean ± SE.
Abbreviations: BMI, body mass index; SE, standard error.

Figure 2 HbA_1c (%) in hypogonadal men with a history of cardiovascular disease receiving long-term testosterone therapy.

Note: Data are shown as mean ± SE.
Abbreviations: HbA_1c, glycated hemoglobin; SE, standard error.

Figure 3 Blood pressure (mmHg) in hypogonadal men with a history of cardiovascular disease receiving long-term testosterone therapy.

Notes: (A) Systolic blood pressure and (B) diastolic blood pressure. Data are shown as mean ± SE.
Abbreviations: SE, standard error; NS, nonsignificant.

Figure 4 Pulse pressure in hypogonadal men with a history of cardiovascular disease receiving long-term testosterone therapy.

Notes: Data are shown as mean ± SE.
Abbreviations: SE, standard error; NS, nonsignificant.

Table 2 Changes following testosterone therapy in anthropometric, metabolic, and quality of life parameters in hypogonadal men with a history of cardiovascular diseases

	All CVD patients (n=77)
	Baseline ± SD	Minimum	Maximum	8 years ± SD	Minimum	Maximum	Change ± SE
Anthropometry
Weight (kg)	114±13	72	139	91±9	74	110	−24±1*
BMI (kg/m^2)	37±4	25	46	29±3	25	35	−8±0*
Weight change (%)	0	0	0	−19.6±5.7	3.1	−29	−20.2±0.5*
Waist circumference (cm)	112±8	88	129	99±6	84	114	−13±0.3*
Waist:height ratio	0.64±0.05	0.51	0.73	0.56±0.04	0.49	0.64	−0.07±0*
Testosterone
Testosterone (nmol/L)	9.8±1.6	4.8	11.8	16.8±1.9	14.7	23.8	6.9±0.3*
Prostate parameters
Prostate volume (mL)	34±10	16	56	36±10	17	57	2.5±0.2*
PSA (ng/mL)	2.0±1.0	0.1	3.9	2.2±0.8	0.8	3.5	0.2±0.0*
IPSS	9±4	1	19	3±2	1	10	−7±0.3*
Erectile function
IIEF-EF	20±6	3	27	25±5	12	29	6±0.4*
Quality of life
AMS	57±9	36	73	19±4	17	30	−39±1*
Glycemic control
Fasting glucose (mmol/L)	6.0±1.2	3.7	12.7	5.2±0.4	4.0	6.6	−0.9±0.1*
HbA1c (%)	7.6±1.2	5.1	9.4	5.7±0.4	5.0	6.6	−2.0±0.1*
Triglycerides:HDL ratio	5.4±2	2.0	11.3	2.5±0.6	1.6	4.0	−3.1±0.1*
Lipids
Total cholesterol (mmol/L)	7.8±0.9	5.7	10.1	4.8±0.2	4.3	5.3	−3±0.1*
HDL (mmol/L)	1.6±0.5	0.7	2.3	2±0.5	1.2	3.1	0.6±0.0*
LDL (mmol/L)	4.7±0.9	2.0	7.2	3.0±0.7	1.1	4.1	−1.6±0.1*
Triglycerides (mmol/L)	3.4±0.7	1.4	5	2.1±0.1	1.8	2.4	−1.3±0.1*
Total cholesterol:HDL ratio	5.5±2	3.5	12.9	2.6±0.7	1.6	4.1	−3.2±0.1*
Non-HDL cholesterol (mg/dL)	241±30	163	332	108±21	68	152	−136±3*
Erythropoiesis/blood count
Hemoglobin (g/dL)	14.4±0.7	12.1	15.5	15.0±0.5	13.8	15.8	0.7±0.1*
Hematocrit (%)	43.2±3.1	33	50	48.1±1.6	43.5	51	5.0±0.3*
Leukocytes (10^9/L)	7.1±2.2	4.3	19.8	6.5±0.5	5.5	7.5	−0.6±0.2#
Liver transaminases
AST (U/L)	40.7±14.7	19	87	17.4±4.2	12.3	32.5	−23.8±1.2*
ALT (U/L)	41.5±17.1	19	100	17.4±4.8	9.8	30	−24.9±1.5*
AST:ALT ratio	1.0±0.2	0.7	1.4	1.0±0.1	0.8	1.3	0.0±0.0
Inflammation
CRP (mg/dL)	3.7±4.5	0.1	24.7	0.2±0.3	0.1	1.3	−3.6±0.3*
Blood pressure
Systolic (mmHg)	164±14	125	189	133±9	117	152	−33±1*
Diastolic (mmHg)	99±11	70	119	77±5	70	89	−24±1*
Pulse pressure	65±6	49	82	57±8	34	69	−9±1*
Heart rate (bpm)	79±4	72	88	73±2	68	81	−6±0*

Notes:

* P<0.0001 vs baseline.

# P<0.01.

Abbreviations: CVD, cardiovascular disease; SD, standard deviation; SE, standard error; BMI, body mass index; PSA, prostate-specific antigen; IPSS, International Prostate Symptom Score; IIEF-EF, International Index of Erectile Function, Erectile Function domain; AMS, Aging Males’ Symptoms scale; HbA_1c, glycated hemoglobin; HDL, high-density lipoprotein; LDL, low-density lipoprotein; AST, aspartate aminotransferase; ALT, alanine aminotransferase; CRP, C-reactive protein.