Reduction in glomerular pore size is not restricted to pregnant women. Evidence for a new syndrome: ‘Shrunken pore syndrome’

Figures & data

Table I. Characteristics of the patient groups with 0.9eGFR_creatinine ≤ eGFR_{cystatin C} ≤ 1.1eGFR_creatinine or with eGFR_{cystatin C} ≤ 0.6eGFR_creatinine. Data are given as medians (2.5–97.5 percentiles), except for Numbers and Male/Female.

	eGFRcystatinC ≈ eGFRcreatinine	eGFRcystatinC ≤ 0.6eGFRcreatinine
Numbers	55	111
Age (years)	74 (35–94)	68 (22–94)
Male/Female	23/32	61/50
Cystatin C (mg/L)	1.30 (0.92–2.73)	1.88 (1.23–2.82)
Creatinine (umol/L)	91 (51–211)	83 (44–140)
eGFRmean (mL/min/1.73m^2)	56 (19–102)	45 (22–80)

Table II. Statistical analysis of the relations between the ratios cystatin C/creatinine, β₂-microglobulin/creatinine, beta-trace protein/creatinine and RBP/creatinine for all patients and for all patients stratified for estimated GFR. Medians and p-values are given for the protein-creatinine ratios.

	Gender (male/female)	Cystatin C/creatinine	β2-microglobulin/creatinine	beta-trace protein/creatinine	RBP/creatinine
eGFR mean, all
eGFRcystatinC ≈ eGFRcreatinine	32/23	0.014	0.028	0.009	0.518
eGFRcystatinC ≤ 0.6eGFRcreatinine	50/61	0.023	0.049	0.012	0.639
p-value		< 0.0001	< 0.0001	< 0.0001	0.0022
eGFRmean ≤ 40 mL/min/1.73m^2
eGFRcystatinC ≈ eGFRcreatinine	11/4	0.012	0.029	0.010	0.448
eGFRcystatinC ≤ 0.6eGFRcreatinine	19/22	0.020	0.045	0.011	0.525
p-value		< 0.0001	0.0002	0.0117	0.1768
eGFRmean 40–60 mL/min/1.73m^2
eGFRcystatinC ≈ eGFRcreatinine	7/10	0.015	0.031	0.009	0.557
eGFRcystatinC ≤ 0.6eGFRcreatinine	22/21	0.024	0.053	0.012	0.704
p-value		< 0.0001	< 0.0001	0.0004	0.0057
eGFRmean ≥ 60 mL/min/1.73m^2
eGFRcystatinC ≈ eGFRcreatinine	14/9	0.015	0.025	0.009	0.558
eGFRcystatinC ≤ 0.6eGFRcreatinine	9/18	0.024	0.049	0.013	0.658
p-value		< 0.0001	< 0.0001	< 0.0001	0.0688

Table III. Statistical analysis of the relations between the ratios cystatin C/creatinine, β₂-microglobulin/creatinine, beta-trace protein/creatinine and RBP/creatinine for all non-pregnant patients (men + women) and for non-pregnant patients stratified for their estimated GFR. Medians and p-values are given for the protein-creatinine ratios.

	Gender (male/female)	Cystatin C/creatinine	β2-microglobulin/creatinine	beta-trace protein/creatinine	RBP/creatinine
eGFR mean, men and non-pregnant women
eGFRcystatinC ≈ eGFRcreatinine	32/23	0.014	0.028	0.009	0.518
eGFRcystatinC ≤ 0.6eGFRcreatinine	50/48	0.022	0.052	0.012	0.637
p-value		< 0.0001	< 0.0001	< 0.0001	0.0034
eGFRmean ≤ 40 mL/min/1.73m^2
eGFRcystatinC ≈ eGFRcreatinine	11/4	0.012	0.029	0.010	0.448
eGFRcystatinC ≤ 0.6eGFRcreatinine	19/22	0.020	0.045	0.011	0.525
p-value		< 0.0001	0.0002	0.0117	0.1768
eGFRmean 40–60 mL/min/1.73m^2
eGFRcystatinC ≈ eGFRcreatinine	7/10	0.015	0.031	0.009	0.557
eGFRcystatinC ≤ 0.6eGFRcreatinine	22/18	0.024	0.053	0.012	0.736
p-value		< 0.0001	< 0.0001	0.0004	0.0031
eGFRmean ≥ 60 mL/min/1.73m^2
eGFRcystatinC ≈ eGFRcreatinine	14/9	0.015	0.025	0.009	0.558
eGFRcystatinC ≤ 0.6eGFRcreatinine	9/8	0.024	0.054	0.013	0.658
p-value		< 0.0001	< 0.0001	0.0002	0.1937

Table IV. Statistical analysis of the relations between the ratios cystatin C/creatinine, β₂-microglobulin/creatinine, beta-trace protein/creatinine and RBP/creatinine for all men and for men stratified for their estimated GFR. Medians and p-values are given for the protein-creatinine ratios.

	Gender (male/female)	Cystatin C/creatinine	β2-microglobulin/creatinine	beta-trace protein/creatinine	RBP/creatinine
eGFR mean, men
eGFRcystatinC ≈ eGFRcreatinine	32/0	0.013	0.025	0.008	0.449
eGFRcystatinC ≤ 0.6eGFRcreatinine	50/0	0.020	0.046	0.011	0.538
p-value		< 0.0001	< 0.0001	< 0.0001	0.2078
eGFRmean ≤ 40 mL/min/1.73m^2
eGFRcystatinC ≈ eGFRcreatinine	11/0	0.012	0.025	0.009	0.448
eGFRcystatinC ≤ 0.6eGFRcreatinine	19/0	0.019	0.038	0.010	0.511
p-value		< 0.0001	0.0004	0.0893	0.9828
eGFRmean 40–60 mL/min/1.73m^2
eGFRcystatinC ≈ eGFRcreatinine	7/0	0.013	0.027	0.008	0.391
eGFRcystatinC ≤ 0.6eGFRcreatinine	22/0	0.019	0.049	0.011	0.626
p-value		< 0.0001	< 0.0001	0.0219	0.0665
eGFRmean ≥ 60 mL/min/1.73m^2
eGFRcystatinC ≈ eGFRcreatinine	14/0	0.013	0.024	0.008	0.491
eGFRcystatinC ≤ 0.6eGFRcreatinine	9/0	0.020	0.049	0.012	0.398
p-value		0.0002	< 0.0001	0.0034	0.8997

Table V. Statistical analysis of the relations between the ratios cystatin C/creatinine, β₂-microglobulin/creatinine, beta-trace protein/creatinine and RBP/creatinine for all non-pregnant women and for non-pregnant women stratified for their estimated GFR. Medians and p-values are given for the protein-creatinine ratios.

	Gender (male/female)	Cystatin C/creatinine	β2-microglobulin/creatinine	beta-trace protein/creatinine	RBP/creatinine
eGFR mean, non-pregnant women
eGFRcystatinC ≈ eGFRcreatinine	0/23	0.016	0.034	0.009	0.567
eGFRcystatinC ≤ 0.6eGFRcreatinine	0/48	0.025	0.058	0.013	0.798
p-value		< 0.0001	< 0.0001	< 0.0001	0.0040
eGFRmean ≤ 40 mL/min/1.73m^2
eGFRcystatinC ≈ eGFRcreatinine	0/4	0.015	0.041	0.011	0.443
eGFRcystatinC ≤ 0.6eGFRcreatinine	0/22	0.021	0.053	0.013	0.617
p-value		0.0043	0.3934	0.4235	0.1451
eGFRmean 40–60 mL/min/1.73m^2
eGFRcystatinC ≈ eGFRcreatinine	0/10	0.016	0.034	0.009	0.562
eGFRcystatinC ≤ 0.6eGFRcreatinine	0/18	0.027	0.058	0.012	0.865
p-value		< 0.0001	0.0001	0.0056	0.0030
eGFRmean ≥ 60 mL/min/1.73m^2
eGFRcystatinC ≈ eGFRcreatinine	0/9	0.016	0.032	0.009	0.594
eGFRcystatinC ≤ 0.6eGFRcreatinine	0/8	0.032	0.081	0.014	1.298
p-value		0.0005	0.0017	0.0076	0.0543