Acetyl-l-carnitine reduces depression and improves quality of life in patients with minimal hepatic encephalopathy

Abstract

Background. Minimal hepatic encephalopathy (MHE) represents a common complication present in well-compensated cirrhotic patients that impairs patients' daily functioning and health-related quality of life (HRQL). Acetyl-l-carnitine (ALC) has been shown to be useful in improving blood ammonia and cognitive functions in cirrhotic patients with MHE. Objective. This study evaluated the effects of ALC treatment on HRQL and depression in patients with MHE. Study design. This was a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study. Sixty-seven patients with MHE were recruited to the study. They were randomly assigned to two groups and received either 2 g acetyl-l-carnitine twice a day (n = 33) or placebo (n = 34) for 90 days. The primary efficacy measures were changes in aspartate aminotransferase, alanine aminotransferase, γ-glutamyl-transpeptidase, albumin, alkaline phosphatase, prothrombin time, and ammonia. Clinical and laboratory assessments, psychometric tests and automated electroencephalogram (EEG) analysis were performed for all patients. Results. At the end of the study period, between the two groups, we observed a significant difference in physical function (p < 0.001), role physical (p < 0.001), general health (p < 0.001), social function (p < 0.05), role emotional (p < 0.05), mental health (p < 0.05), Beck Depression Inventory (p < 0.001), TMT-B s (p < 0.001), State Trait Inventory (p < 0.001), urea (p < 0.05), NH₄ ⁺ (p < 0.001), and bilirubin (p < 0.001). Conclusions. This study shows that ALC treatment is associated with significant improvement in patient energy levels, general functioning and well-being. The improvement of quality of life is associated with reduction of anxiety and depression.

Key Words::

• Acetyl-l-carnitine
• depression
• minimal hepatic encephalopathy
• quality of life

Acknowledgements

This clinical trial was supported by a grant from MURST (Ministero dell'Università e Ricerca Scientifica e Tecnologica).

Declaration of interest: The authors report no conflicts of interest. The authors alone are responsible for the content and writing of the paper.