Pre-training evaluation and feedback improve medical students’ skills in basic life support

Figures & data

Table

Practice points

Pre-training feedback could highlight the key points of BLS for trainees and guide both instructors and trainees’ focus and attention in the coming training. Pre-training evaluation is an effective way not only to identify trainee's basic skill level, but also to reveal trainee's mistakes, which could be delivered as a pre-training feedback from that both instructors and trainees could learn. Group feedback originated from pre-training evaluation minimizes unnecessary time spent on correcting individual's similar mistakes and less interruption might occur during BLS training. Group feedback also provides trainees an opportunity to learn from each other and even competition might arise among students, which might stimulate students’ enthusiasm to learn and improve the quality and efficacy of training. More time might be spent in improving quality and efficacy of evaluation and feedback, rather than in training. The best integration of evaluation and feedback in BLS training should be investigated in the future.

Figure 1. A summary of study profile. C group, the control group; E&F group, pre-training evaluation and feedback group. BLS, basic life support.

Table 1.  Demographic data.

	C group	E&F group
Total number of students	20	20
Sex (male/female)	7/13	6/14
Age (years)	21.4 ± 0.7	21.6 ± 0.8

Note: Data are number or mean ± SD.

Table 2.  Scores from pre-training evaluation in E&F group, and the multiple-choice examination and post-training evaluation in two groups.

		C group		E&F group
		Mean ± SD (%)	95% CI	Mean ± SD (%)	95% CI	p
	Score of BLS skills in pre-training evaluation	–	–	40.2 ± 12.6	22.2–60%	–
	Multiple-choice examination	79.8 ± 9.2	66.7–93.0%	83.8 ± 6.3	75.0–91.7%	0.12
	Score of BLS skills in post-training evaluation	63.9 ± 13.4	41.1–88.9%	82.9 ± 3.2*	80–88.9%	<0.01
Five discrete BLS skills	Effective mask ventilation	70.0	–	95.0*	–	0.037
	Correct chest compression site	95.0	–	100	–	0.31
	Acceptable chest compression rate	55.0	–	85.0*	–	0.04
	Correct depth of chest compression	60.0	–	90.0*	–	0.03
	Limited CPR-free intervals	40.0	–	75.0*	–	0.03

Notes: C group, the control group; E&F group, pre-training evaluation and feedback group; BLS, basic life support; SD, standard deviation; 95% CI, 95% confidence intervals.

*p < 0.05 compared with C group.

–, there is no content.

Table

Name	Sex	Age	Grade
Telephone			E-mail
1 How many times have you received lecture of BLS before?		□ One	□ Two		□ Three or above
2 How many times have you received training of BLS before?		□ One	□ Two		□ Three or above
3 Are you satisfied with this training program?		A Yes, I like it.	B It is ok.		C No.
Please give the detail reason if you select C!
4 Do you think this training is instructive?		A Yes, excellent	B Yes, it is.		C No.
5 Which of the following methods of training do you prefer?
A PPT presentation	B DVD demonstration	C Manikin demonstration			D Combination of above three
6 Do you like to receive our questionnaire again 3 months later?
A Yes, I do	B No, I don’t
7. Other suggestions and advice for our training:

Table

01	Correct consciousness judgment (tap patient's shoulder)
02	Call for help and AED
03	Airway opening (head tilt and chin lift)
04	Correct breathing checking (looking, listening, and feeling)
05	Breathing checking time (5–10 s)
06	Keep airway opening (head tilt and chin lift)
07	Correct mask ventilation (“C” shape for the thumb and index and “E” shape for the other three fingers)
08	Each ventilation lasts 1 s
09	Effective ventilation (both visible chest wall movement in Resusci® Anne Basic and SkillGuide™ show green light for ventilation)
10	Correct pulse checking site (ipsilateral carotid artery)
11	Pulse checking time (5–10 s)
12	Correct chest compression site (cross-site between nipple line and middle-line of sternum)
13	Shoulders right over the hands
14	Straight elbows
15	Fingers extended and inter-sectioned
16	Fingers off the chest
17	Count aloud
18	Chest wall fully recoil
19	The hands should never be away from the chest wall during compression
20	Correct compression depth (SkillGuide™ shows green light for compression)
21	Correct compression rate (30 compressions was completed between 16 and 20 s, which was approximately 90–110 compressions per minute)
22	Ratio of compression / ventilation (30:2)
23	CPR-free interval less than 15 s (between each circle including pulse re-checking)

Notes: AED, auto electric defibrillator; CPR, cardiopulmonary resuscitation.

Resusci® Anne Basic and SkillGuide™, Laerdal Medical Corporation, Stavanger, Norway.