Cell death induced by AC magnetic fields and magnetic nanoparticles: Current state and perspectives

Figures & data

Table I. The different identifications of the RF sub-regions in terms of their frequency. Adapted from Radiation AGoN-i [14].

Frequency	Wavelength	Designation	Abbreviation
3–30 kHz	100–10 km	Very low frequency	VLF
30–300 kHz	10–1 km	Low frequency	LF
300 kHz–3 MHz	1 km–100 m	Medium frequency	MF
3–30 MHz	100–10 m	High frequency	HF
30–300 MHz	10–1 m	Very high frequency	VHF
300 MHz–3 GHz	1 m–10 cm	Ultra high frequency	UHF
3–30 GHz	10–1 cm	Super high frequency	SHF
30–300 GHz	1 cm–1 mm	Extremely high frequency	EHF
300 GHz–3000 GHz	1 mm–0.1 mm	Tremendously high frequency	THF

Table II. Experimental in vitro results of MNP-based magnetic hyperthermia on different cell types.

Cell line	T-increase	f (kHz)	H (kA/m)	Reference
A549 and MDA-MB-231	Yes	386	6	[54]
ECA-109	Yes	110	50–110	[55]
Caco-2 and MCF-7	Yes	238	20	[56]
MCF-7	Yes	250	N/A	[46]
Caco-2	Yes	237	20	[34]
BT20	Yes	520	13.2	[57]
PC3	Yes	700	24.7	[58]
WEHI-164	No	265	26.7	[59]
MDA-MB-468 and MCF-7	No	233	37.5	[60]
He-La	No	100	11.9	[61]
MDA-MB453	No	148	87.5	[62]
Dendritic cells	No	260	12.7	[63,64]

Figure 1. (Upper panel) Drawing of the proposed experiment for testing the toxicity of the cell culture supernatants loaded with NPs after AMF exposure. The sample A was submitted to AMF and the supernatant from the treated cells (sample B) was collected. The sample C consisted of viable DCs without any contact from MNPs or AMF that received the supernatants from the B samples and were incubated 30 min. Lower left panel: Temperature increase observed for pure magnetic colloid (MNP) and magnetically loaded cell culture (MNPs-DCs) under the same AMF. Lower right panel: Cell viability as measured by TB staining 15 min after AMF application. Adapted from Asin et al. [64].

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