The clinical and cost-benefits of investing in neurobehavioural rehabilitation: A multi-centre study

Figures & data

Table I. Aetiology of brain injury.

Type of brain injury	n	%
TBI	152	55.5
Intracranial haemorrhage/CVA	58	21.2
Hypoxia	29	10.6
Encephalitis	15	5.4
Neoplasm	6	2.2
Other	14	5.1

Table II. Characteristics of the patient cohort.

	n	Median	Mean	SD	Range
Age at injury (years)	272	41.5	40.93	16.49	3–76
Lowest GCS	61	6	6.69	3.73	3–15
Time since injury (weeks)	273	20	102.57	271.91	1–2325
Length of stay (weeks)	274	21	25.64	27.18	0–223
TSD-FU (weeks)	80	28.5	33.88	13.17	23–78

TSD-FU, Time since Discharge to Follow-up; Lowest GCS, Lowest Glasgow Coma Scale score.

Table III. Changes in rankings on Supervision Rating Scale over time.

	Admission (n = 267)	Discharge (n = 249)	Follow-up (n = 85)
Level 1. Independent	16	98	39
Level 2. Overnight	3	13	3
Level 3. Part-time supervision	45	75	26
Level 4. Full-time indirect  supervision	88	42	11
Level 5. Full-time direct  supervision	115	21	6

Table IV. Mean (SD) general and independent living ability (as estimated from the Abilities and Participation scales of the MPAI-4).

	Admission (n = 211)	Discharge (n = 209)	Follow-up (n = 86)
Participation	53.60 (11.21)	48.06 (11.33)	41.77 (12.62)
Abilities	48.97 (10.23)	43.14 (11.61)	38.92 (15.61)

Table V. Changes in CDR accommodation over time.

	Admission (n = 267)	Discharge (n = 251)	Follow-up (n = 88)
Alone with partner or friend  independently	17	71	41
With parents independently  (as before injury)	10	18	9
With parents independently  (only since injury)	1	12	2
Supported living in own house	7	68	13
Supported living in shared house	4	22	7
Supported living in parents’ house	11	12	2
Transitional living (short-stay)	5	5	3
Residential facility  (medium-long stay)/hospital	181	36	10
Psychiatric hospital/residential unit	26	5	0
Behaviour disorders unit	5	2	1

Table VI. Changes in occupational status over time.

	Admission (n = 267)	Discharge (n = 251)	Follow-up (n = 87)
Academic environment or competitive  paid employment (full-time)	3	15	7
Vocational training	2	6	0
Supported employment (paid/unpaid)	1	15	7
Sheltered employment (paid/unpaid)	2	6	0
Independent home maker	4	9	6
Volunteer	0	17	6
Recreational or day activity  programme	70	129	30
No productive activity	185	54	31

Table VII. Median hours of support per day (as estimated from the Supervision Rating Scale scores) by time post-injury.

	0–12 months	>1 year
Admission	24	17
Discharge	5	11
Follow-up	1	11
CS (Ad-FU)	23	6

CS (Ad-FU), Median saving in care hours at follow-up compared to admission.

Table VIII. Changes in care costs.

		0–12 months	>1 year
Mean daily pre-rehabilitation care costs		£165.95	£135.84
Mean daily discharge care costs		£69.90	£84.37
Mean daily follow-up care costs		£51.67	£85.60
Cost saving per day		£114.28	£50.24
Cost saving per year		£41 712.20	£18 337.60
Mean cost of rehabilitation		£54 080.76	£85 810.71
Estimated lifetime care cost savings
Community life expectancy	Discounted at 1.5%	£1 134 799.42	£858 056.63
36 years	Discounted at 3%	£891 682.70	£653 101.87
	Discounted at 5%	£671 217.01	£465 580.63
Head injury life expectancy	Discounted at 1.5%	£845 271.99	£312 474.83
25 years	Discounted at 3%	£707 352.12	£251 842.23
	Discounted at 5%	£568 900.85	£190 976.01