Result of school-based intervention on cardiovascular risk factors

Figures & data

Figure 1. Flow chart showing number (%) of participations in the primary outcome measurements in 2006 and 2008.

Table I. Descriptive statistics of the study population at start of the study.

	All		Intervention		Control		p	95% CI
	n	Mean ± SD	n	Mean ± SD	n	Mean ± SD
Age (years)	267	7.3 ± 0.3	128	7.4 ± 0.3	139	7.3 ± 0.3	0.01	0.02, 0.14
Height (cm)	265	127.0 ± 5.2	128	127.1 ± 5.3	138	127.0 ± 5.3	0.88	–1.38, 1.18
Weight (kg)	267	26.3 ± 4.4	128	25.8 ± 4.0	139	26.8 ± 4.6	0.07	–0.08, 2.01
WB%fat	211	24.4 ± 6.2	106	23.9 ± 1.9	105	24.8 ± 1.9	0.28	–0.75, 2.6
Sum of five skinfolds (mm)	226	32.7 ± 11.3	110	31.6 ± 11.0	113	32.7 ± 11.3	0.5	–0.74, 2.6
Total cholesterol (mmol/L)	162	4.4 ± 0.7	87	4.4 ± 0.6	75	4.3 ± 0.6	0.12	–0.16, 0.10
HDL-cholesterol (mmol/L)	164	1.55 ± 0.3	89	1.6 ± 0.3	75	1.5 ± 0.3	0.12	–0.07, 0.04
LDL-cholesterol (mmol/L)	162	2.5 ± 0.6	87	2.6 ± 0.6	75	2.5 ± 0.5	0.15	–0.3, 0.05
Triglycerides (mmol/L)	162	0.64 ± 0.22	87	0.59 ± 0.2	75	0.69 ± 0.2	0.01	0.02, 0.16
Fasting glucose (mmol/L)	150	4.6 ± 0.3	82	4.6 ± 0.3	68	4.6 ± 0.3	0.35	–0.05, 0.15
HbA1C (%)	164	5.42 ± 0.3	86	5.3 ± 0.3	75	5.5 ± 0.2	0.86	–0.12, 0.10
Insulin (mU/L)	160	3.99 ± 2.27	87	3.83 ± 2.32	75	4.16 ± 2.23	0.2	–0.38, 1.03
SBP (mmHg)	222	94 ± 6	125	95 ± 7	97	93 ± 6	0.07	–4.0, 0.65
DBP (mmHg)	222	56 ± 5	125	57 ± 5	97	55 ± 4	0.01	–2.7, 0.38
Fitness	220	2.42 ± 0.54	109	2.48 ± 0.57	111	2.36 ± .49	0.1	–.26, 0.02

Notes: Wb%fat = whole body percentage fat; SBP = systolic blood pressure; DBP = diastolic blood pressure; HDL = high density lipoprotein; LDL = low density lipoprotein.

Table II. Comparison of various cardiovascular risk factors between intervention group and control group after intervention.

Variable	Intervention			Control
	Change from			Change from
	Mean ± SD	2006	95% CI	Mean ± SD	2006	95% CI
Weight kg	32.5 ± 5.5	+ 6.6	6.1, 7.0	33.7 ± 7.1	+ 6.9	6.4, 7.5
Height cm	136.8 ± 5.3	+ 9.6	9.1, 10.0	138.5 ± 6.1	+ 11.5	11.2, 11.8
BMI kg/m^2	17.3 ± 2.1	+ 1.3	1.1, 1.5	17.7 ± 2.8	+ 0.95	0.7, 1.2
Wb%fat	25.5 ± 7.6	+ 1.67	1.1, 2.2	26.4 ± 5.2	+ 1.53	0.85, 2.2
Total cholesterol (mmol/L)	4.53 ± 0.69	+ 0.06	–0.06, 0.17	4.29 ± 0.59	–0.01	–0.12, 0.13
HDL cholesterol (mmol/L)	1.58 ± 0.30	–0.01	–0.05, 0.05	1.52 ± 0.25	+ 0.02	–0.05, 0.08
LDL-cholesterol (mmol/L)	2.65 ± 0.60	+ 0.05	–0.04, 0.15	2.50 ± 0.51	0.00	–0.09, 0.09
Triglycerides (mmol/L)	0.63 ± 0.39	0.02	–0.09, 0.12	0.60 ± 0.31	–0.07	–0.16, 0.03
Fasting glucose (mmol/L)	4.30 ± 0.39	–0.3	–0.38, –0.19	4.31 ± 0.30	–0.39	–0.47, –0.28
HbA1C (%)	5.38 ± 0.73	+ 0.07	–0.14, 0.25	5.70 ± 0,24	+ 0.19	0.14, 0.25
S-Insulin (mU/L)	5.49 ± 2.60	+ 1.5	0.98, 2.5	6.48 ± 3.56	+ 2.1	1.2, 3.1
SBP (mmHg)	98.1 ± 5.6	+ 2.3	1.1, 3.6	99.3 ± 6.1	+ 6.7	5.2, 8.3
DBP (mmHg)	59.8 ± 5.7	+ 2.9	1.9, 3.9	63.3 ± 6.6	+ 8.4	6.7, 9.9
Sum of five skinfolds (mm)	38.4 ± 16.0	+ 7.3	5.8, 8.9	40.0 ± 17.0	+ 6.9	5.3, 8.5
Fitness (watts/kg)	2.81 ± 0.50	0.26	0.16, 0.35	2.47 ± 0.48	+ 0.1	0.00, 0.20

Notes: Wb%fat = whole body percentage fat; SBP = systolic blood pressure; DBP = diastolic blood pressure; HDL = high density lipoprotein; LDL = low density lipoprotein.

Table III. Regression cluster analysis with SBP at the end of intervention as the dependent factor.

	SBP: mm/hg (SE)	p
Group (0,1)	–2.5 (1.4)	0.15
Gender (0,1)	–0.4 (0.1)	0.66
SBP pre	0.4 (0.8)	< 0.01

Notes: Group: 1 = Intervention group, 0 = Control group. Gender: Female = 1, Male = 0, SBP pre: systolic blood pressure at study start.

Table IV. Regression cluster analysis with DBP at the end of intervention as the dependent factor.

	DBP: mm/hg (SE)	p
Group (0,1)	–4.7 (2.5)	0.13
Gender (0,1)	2.0 (0.8)	0.01
DBP pre	0.5 (0.1)	< 0.01

Notes: Group: 1 = Intervention group, 0 = Control group. Gender: Female = 1, Male = 0, DBP pre: Diastolic blood pressure at study start.