Early intervention for childhood overweight: A randomized trial in general practice

Figures & data

Figure 1. Participant flow and follow-up.

Table I. Baseline characteristics of the participants according to randomization group.

		Model 1 (n = 35)	Model 2 (n = 45)
Females, numbers (%)		22 (62.9 %)	30 (66.7 %)
Age, years	All	6.3 ± 1.3 (5.9–6.8)	6.1 ± 1.1 (5.8–6.5)
	Girls	5.9 ± 1.1 (5.5–6.4)	6.0 ± 1.1 (5.6–6.4)
	Boys	7.0 ± 1.6 (6.1–7.9)	6.4 ± 1.1 (5.8–7.0)
BMI z-score	All	2.79 ± 0.82 (2.51–3.08)	2.88 ± 0.87 (2.62–3.14)
	Girls	2.41 ± 0.58 (2.16–2.67)	2.58 ± 0.54 (2.38–2.79)
	Boys	3.43 ± 0.80 (2.95–3.91)	3.48 ± 1.08 (2.89–4.08)
Waist circumference (cm)	All	n = 31 68.6 ± 9.1 (65.3–71.9)	n = 34 69.9 ± 9.1 (66.7–73.1)
	Girls	n = 20 66.1 ± 7.4 (62.6–69.5)	n = 20 68.0 ± 7.9 (64.3–71.6)
	Boys	n = 11 73.2 ± 10.3 (66.3–80.1)	n = 14 72.7 ± 10.3 (66.8–78.7)
WHtR	All	0.554 ± 0.043 (0.538–0.570)	0.563 ± 0.051 (0.545–0.580)
	Girls	0.548 ± 0.046 (0.526–0.569)	0.554 ± 0.539 (0.539–0.570)
	Boys	0.565 ± 0.035 (0.542–0.589)	0.575 ± 0.068 (0.535–0.614)

Note: Values are mean ± SD and (95% confidence intervals) unless otherwise stated.

Table II. Duration of study participation, number of preventive consultations, and educational sessions according to randomization group.

	Full analysis set		Subgroup analysis*
	Model 1 (n = 34)	Model 2 (n = 40)	Model 1 (n = 21)	Model 2 (n = 26)
Duration of study participation:  Mean number of days ± SD  (95% CI)  Range (days):	490 ± 286 (390–590) 28–925	539 ± 249 (459–618) 83–950	684 ± 161 (610–757) 379–925	661 ± 133 (608–715) 386–862
Preventive consultations in general practice  Mean number ± SD  (95% CI)  Range (number):	9.1 ± 5.7 (7.1–11.0) 1–19	9.2 ± 5.6 (7.4–11.0) 1–19	12.5 ± 4.2 (10.6–14.4) 2–19	11.1 ± 5.2 (9.0–13.2) 2–19
Mean number of educational sessions  (95% CI)	NE**	2.55 (2.30–2.81)	NE**	2.85 (2.70–3.00)

Notes: *Subgroup analysis of particularly adherent participants. **NE: No educational sessions in Model 1.

Table III. Mean change in BMI z-score, in weight/height ratio (WHtR), and in waist circumference (WC) in the two intervention models.

	Full analysis set
Parameter	Model 1 (n = 34)	Model 2 (n = 40)	Between-group difference in change from baseline	p-values
BMI z-score change  Mean ± SD  (95%CI)	–0.20 (–0.38, –0.01)	–0.26 (–0.44, –0.09)	–0.07 (– 0.32, 0.18)	0.59
WHtR change  Mean ± SD  (95% CI)	n = 31 –0.014 (–0.027, –0.002)	n = 34 0.004 (– 0.008, 0.015)	0.018 (0.002, 0.034)	0.03
WC change  Mean (cm) ± SD  (95% CI)	1.92 (0.24, 3.59)	4.66 (2.75, 6.58)	2.74 (0.23, 5.27)	0.03