Development and validation of a prognostic model for recurrent glioblastoma patients treated with bevacizumab and irinotecan

Figures & data

Table I. Patient characteristics.

	Population 1(n=219)	Population 2(n = 85)
Gender, n (%)
Female	73 (33)	33 (39)
Male	146 (67)	52 (61)
Age, years (range)
Median	56 (21–79)	59 (27–79)
WHO performance status, n (%)
0	78 (36)	18 (21)
1	98 (45)	36 (42)
2	40 (18)	28 (33)
3	0 (0)	3 (4)
Missing	3 (1)	0 (0)
Relapse surgery, n (%)
Yes	111 (51)	28 (33)
No	108 (49)	57 (66)
Multifocal disease, n (%)
Yes	72 (33)	16 (19)
No	142 (65)	69 (81)
Missing	5 (2)	0
Frontal location, n (%)
Yes	52 (24)	32 (38)
No	167 (76)	53 (62)
Tumor size, mm^2 (range)^a
Median	1264 (90–8291)	NR
Use of corticosteroids, n (%)^b
Yes	155 (71)	55 (65)
No	59 (27)	30 (35)
Missing	5 (2)	0
Corticosteroid dose, mg (range)
Median	37.5 (0–160)	25 (0–150)
Neurocognitive deficit, n (%)
Yes	116 (53)	52 (61)
No	103 (47)	33 (39)
Response, n (%)
Response (CR + PR)	66 (30)	40 (47)
Non-response (SD + PD)	131 (60)	45 (53)
Not evaluable	22 (10)	0 (0)
Median progression-free survival, months	5.0	5.9
Responders	9.1	8.0
Non-responders	4.1	3.4
Median overall survival, months	7.5	7.8
Responders	13.3	10.4
Non-responders	6.7	5.8

CR, complete response; NR, not registered; PD, progressive disease; PR, partial response; SD, stable disease.

^aSum of products of perpendicular diameters of all measurable enhancing lesions;

^bPrednisolone >10 mg.

Table II. Multivariate analysis of response at first evaluation, best response, progression-free survival and overall survival (Population 1).

	Response first evaluationOR (95% CI)	Best responseOR (95% CI)	Progression-free survivalHR (95% CI)	Overall survivalHR (95% CI)
WHO PS, 1 vs. 0	1.15(0.56–2.38)p = 0.70	1.18(0.59–2.35)p = 0.63	1.01(0.73–1.41)p = 0.95	1.16(0.82–1.63)p = 0.40
WHO PS, 2 vs. 0	0.41(0.10–1.65)p = 0.21	0.52(0.16–1.70)p = 0.28	1.14(0.73–1.78)p = 0.58	1.29(0.82–2.03)p = 0.27
Neurocognitive deficit,  yes vs. no	0.94(0.48–1.85)p = 0.86	1.00(0.53–1.90)p = 0.99	1.33(1.00–1.77)p = 0.049	1.40(1.04–1.89)p = 0.03
Multifocal disease,  yes vs. no	0.62(0.30–1.29)p = 0.20	0.67(0.34–1.31)p = 0.24	1.56(1.15–2.11)p = 0.004	1.87(1.37–2.56)p < 0.0001
Corticosteroid use,  yes vs. no	0.45(0.22–0.93)p = 0.03	0.51(0.26–1.02)p = 0.056	1.42(1.00–2.00)p = 0.049	1.70(1.18–2.45)p = 0.004
C-index	0.66	0.63	0.63	0.64

C-index, concordance index; WHO PS, WHO performance status.

Figure 1. Survival of risk groups. Survival curves (Population 1) and estimated survival probabilities at 6 and 12 months for Population 1 and 2. X indicates the presence of a prognostic factor. OS6, 6-month overall survival; OS12, 12-month overall survival.