Dexmedetomidine reduces the incidence of fentanyl-induced cough: A double-blind, randomized, and placebo-controlled study

Figures & data

Table I. Demographics of the control (I) and treatment (II, III) groups (n = 100, each)^a.

Demographics	Group I	Group II	Group III
Age (y)	38.1 ± 16.6	41.2 ± 14.7	39.4 ± 17.3
Gender (M/F), n	62/38	59/41	65/35
Weight (kg)	56.4 ± 11.6	58.3 ± 10.9	55.9 ± 12.1
ASA (I/II), n	72/28	75/25	69/31

^aAll patients completed the present study. There were no statistically significant differences among the three groups with regard to age, weight, gender, or ASA class.

Table II. Incidence, severity, and onset time in seconds of fentanyl-induced cough (FIC) in the control (I) and treatment (II, III) groups (n = 100, each).

FIC	Group I	Group II	Group III
Incidence (%)	61	40a	18a,b
Severity
Mild	30	19	10
Moderate	23	16	6
Severe	8	5	2
Onset (s)	23.1 ± 4.6	26.1 ± 5.0	29.2 ± 4.1

^a P < 0.05, groups II and III versus group I.

^b P < 0.05, group III versus group II.

Table III. Hemodynamics data of the control (I) and treatment (II, III) groups (n = 100, each)^a.

	Group	T0	T1	T2	T3	T4	T5
MAP (mmHg)	I	86.7 ± 11.8	85.2 ± 12.1	87.2 ± 11.3	83.5 ± 11.6	86.1 ± 10.9	85.3 ± 10.7
	II	83.2 ± 11.2	89.2 ± 12.3	82.1 ± 10.9	82.3 ± 10.2	80.5 ± 11.6	79.4 ± 10.1
	III	85.1 ± 10.1	92.3 ± 11.8	83.4 ± 10.4	80.1 ± 9.80	78.2 ± 12.1	77.9 ± 10.5
HR (bpm)	I	77.6 ± 14.5	78.2 ± 14.1	79.8 ± 12.6	76.4 ± 13.9	77.3 ± 14.7	75.1 ± 13.5
	II	79.2 ± 15.0	77.5 ± 14.9	75.7 ± 13.1	73.4 ± 14.3	73.0 ± 13.8	2.6 ± 13.5
	III	78.6 ± 14.1	75.3 ± 13.2	74.1 ± 13.5	72.6 ± 12.8	71.4 ± 13.6	71.2 ± 12.3

^aThere were no significant differences among the groups for either MAP or HR at any time point after DEX injection.

T_0–5 = immediately before DEX injection, and at 2-min intervals, respectively, for 10 min total.

DEX = dexmedetomidine; HR = heart rate; MAP = mean arterial pressure.