Reversibility of antibiotic resistance

Figures & data

Table I. Studies evaluating the effect on resistance rates of large-scale reductions in antibiotic use in the community.

Country (ref.)	Species	Antibiotic(s)	Intervention/evaluation	Study design	Resistance frequency
Finland (21)	S. pyogenes	Macrolides	Nationwide/nationwide	Prospective	Decrease
Island (22)	S. pneumoniae	β-lactams and more	Nationwide/nationwide	Prospective	Decrease
Great Britain (62,63)	E. coli	SXT	Nationwide/local	Retrospective	Increase
Great Britain (64)	E. coli	streptomycin	Nationwide/local	Retrospective	No effect
Sweden (59)	E. coli	TMP, SXT	County/county	Prospective	Marginal effect
Great Britain (65)	E. coli	AMP, TMP, and more	PHC/PHC	Retrospective	Decrease
Israel (66)	E. coli	FQX	County/county	Retrospective	Decrease

AMP = Ampicillin; FQX = Fluoroquinolones; SXT = Trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole; TMP = Trimethoprim.

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