Absolute value of visceral fat area measured on computed tomography scans and obesity-related cardiovascular risk factors in large-scale Japanese general population (the VACATION-J study)

Figures & data

Table I. Clinical characteristics of all subjects.

	Male (n = 10,080)	Female (n = 2,363)
Age, years	51.7 ± 10.0	53.8 ± 9.6
Height, m	1.70 ± 0.06	1.56 ± 0.06
Body weight, kg	70.4 ± 10.3	57.2 ± 9.0
Body mass index, kg/m^2	24.5 ± 3.0	23.5 ± 3.4
Total fat area, cm^2	257.7 ± 93.7	271.5 ± 106.9
Visceral fat area, cm^2	119.3 ± 50.8	79.4 ± 43.4
Subcutaneous fat area, cm^2	138.4 ± 57.5	192.1 ± 75.9
Systolic blood pressure, mmHg	123.7 ± 15.3	122.0 ± 17.6
Diastolic blood pressure, mmHg	77.6 ± 9.7	74.6 ± 10.8
Fasting plasma glucose, mmol/L	5.83 ± 1.15	5.47 ± 0.89
Total cholesterol, mmol/L	5.30 ± 0.82	5.55 ± 0.89
Triglyceride, mmol/L	1.57 ± 1.05	1.08 ± 0.60
HdL-cholesterol, mmol/L	1.39 ± 0.34	1.67 ± 0.37
Hypertension, % (under treatment, %)	42.0 (13.8%)	37.0 (12.8%)
Dyslipidemia, % (under treatment, %)	42.7 (6.4%)	27.8 (2.5%)
Abnormal glucose levels, % (under treatment, %)	24.9 (4.2%)	13.1 (1.0%)
Past history
Coronary heart disease	n = 163 (1.6%)	n = 16 (0.7%)
Cerebrovascular disease	n = 81 (0.8%)	n = 16 (0.7%)

Data are mean ± SD.

HDL = high-density lipoprotein.

Figure 1. Association between visceral fat area (VFA) and obesity-related cardiovascular risk factors (top), and the histogram of VFA (bins of 25 cm²) (bottom) for all males (A), young males (age < 55, B), old males (age ≥ 55, C), all females (D), young females (age < 55, E), and old females (age ≥ 55, F). Open bars: subjects with less than 1.0 risk factor; solid bars: subjects with more than 1.0 risk factor. Data are mean ± SEM.

Figure 2. Association between subcutaneous fat area (SFA) and obesity-related cardiovascular risk factors (top), and the histogram of SFA (bins of 25 cm²) (bottom) for all males (A), young males (age < 55, B), old males (age ≥ 55, C), all females (D), young females (age < 55, E), and old females (age ≥ 55, F). Data are mean ± SEM.

Figure 3. Association between VFA, SFA and obesity-related cardiovascular risk factors in non-obese (BMI < 25 kg/m²) and obese subjects (BMI ≥ 25 kg/m²). The mean number of obesity-related cardiovascular risk factors and VFA in bins of 25 cm² for non-obese and obese males (A, top and bottom), and for non-obese and obese females (C, top and bottom), SFA in bins of 25 cm² in non-obese and obese males (B, top and bottom), and in non-obese and obese females (D, top and bottom). Data are mean ± SEM.

Figure 4. Correlation between waist circumference (WC) and VFA for all males (A), young males (age < 55, B), old males (age ≥ 55, C), all females (D), young females (age < 55, E), and old females (age ≥ 55, F). WC was measured at the level of the umbilicus with a non-stretchable tape in late expiration while standing (in cm) according to the Examination Committee of Criteria for ‘Obesity Disease’ in Japan (19).

Figure 5. The mean VFA and SFA by age in males (A), and females (C). Prevalence of obesity-related cardiovascular risk factors by age in males (B) and females (D). Data are mean ± SEM.

Examination Committee of Criteria for ‘Obesity Disease’ in Japan; Japan Society for the Study of Obesity. New criteria for ‘obesity disease’ in Japan. Circ J. 2002;66:987–92.

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