Plasma apelin levels, blood pressure and cardiovascular risk factors in a coastal Chinese population

Figures & data

Table I. The association of cardiovascular risk factors with plasma apelin-12 levels.

	n	Apelin (pg/mL)	P^a
Sex
Male	416	220.57 (3.86)	0.024
Female	615	232.60 (3.27)
Age
1st < 27 y	259	236.26 (4.96)	0.042
2nd 27–55 y	261	226.37 (5.04)
3rd 56–63 y	255	225.62 (4.87)
4th > 63 y	256	221.34 (5.15)
BMI (kg/m^2)
1st < 21.91	260	235.33 (5.11)	0.01
2nd 21.91–23.93	259	232.26 (5.04)
3rd 23.94–26.40	254	222.69 (4.96)
4th > 26.40	258	219.25 (4.88)
SBP (mmHg)
1st < 118	259	241.22 (4.77)	< 0.001
2nd 118–128	239	232.90 (5.23)
3rd 129–144	296	226.49 (5.06)
4th > 114	259	209.01 (4.78)
DBP (mmHg)
1st < 74	245	235.84 (4.95)	0.003
2nd 74–80	286	233.12 (4.71)
3rd 81–88	270	222.74 (4.83)
4th > 88	230	216.42 (5.57)
MABP (mmHg)
1st < 96	248	242.14 (4.93)	< 0.001
2nd 96–105	257	230.02 (4.93)
3rd 106–116	264	227.75 (5.20)
4th > 116	262	210.62 (4.79)
Hs-CRP
1st < 0.39	258	233.61 (5.01)	0.044
2nd 0.39–0.57	256	229.78 (5.11)
3rd 0.58–1.28	258	226.78 (5.16)
4th > 1.28	259	219.57 (4.73)
Diabetes
Absent	918	229.23 (2.67)	0.040
Present	113	212.75 (6.95)
FPG (mmol/L)
1st < 4.60	273	233.34 (5.07)	0.602
2nd 4.60–5.00	246	222.99 (5.12)
3rd 5.10–5.6	283	223.25 (4.49)
4th > 5.6	229	230.28 (5.42)
HbA1c (%)
1st < 5.40	265	235.02 (5.19)	0.272
2nd 5.40–5.60	301	223.02 (4.51)
3rd 5.70–5.80	211	226.41 (5.47)
4th > 5.80	254	225.55 (4.97)
LDL-C (mmol/L)
1st < 2.20	263	239.38 (5.24)	0.003
2nd 2.20–2.80	258	228.72 (4.95)
3rd 2.90–3.40	257	221.54 (5.07)
4th > 3.40	253	219.64 (4.67)
HDL-C (mmol/L)
1st < 1.00	308	227.40 (4.61)	0.438
2nd 1.00–1.20	255	225.93 (5.01)
3rd 1.3–1.4	220	220.53 (5.10)
4th > 1.4	248	235.10 (5.34)
mALB (mmol/L)
1st < 4.20	255	241.50 (4.80)	< 0.001
2nd 4.20–7.70	253	230.01 (5.42)
3rd 7.80–12.5	265	221.67 (4.75)
4th > 12.5	258	216.88 (4.96)

Data were shown as mean (SE).

BMI = body mass index; DBP = diastolic blood pressure; FPG = fasting plasma glucose; HbA1c = hemoglobin A1c; HDL-C = high-density lipoprotein-cholesterol; hs-CRP = high-sensitivity C-reactive protein; LDL-C = low-density lipoprotein-cholesterol; MABP = mean arterial blood pressure; mALB = urine microalbumin; SBP = systolic blood pressure.

^aTest for linear trend.

Figure 1. Systolic blood pressure, diastolic blood pressure, and mean arterial blood pressure within apelin-12 quartiles. Data were shown as means and 95% confidence interval; apelin-12 levels were divided into quartiles: the lowest quartile (Q1): < 164.8 pg/mL; the second quartile (Q2): 164.8–220.0 pg/mL; the third quartile (Q3): 220.0–283.1 pg/mL; the highest quartile (Q4): > 283.1 pg/mL.

Table II. Multivariate linear regression analysis of the association with apelin-12 levels and blood pressure.

	Model 1	Model 2	Model 3
SBP
Standard β	–0.103	–0.094	–0.087
t	–7.956	–7.802	–7.516
P	< 0.001	< 0.001	< 0.001
DBP
Standard β	–4.436	–4.214	–3.667
t	–4.726	–4.489	–4.052
P	< 0.001	< 0.001	< 0.001
MABP
Standard β	–9.336	–8.590	–7.881
t	–7.572	–7.297	–6.978
P	< 0.001	< 0.001	< 0.001

Model 1 was not adjusted for confounding factors. Model 2 was adjusted for age and gender. Model 3 was adjusted for age, gender, BMI, LDL-C, hs-CRP, diabetes, and mALB.

DBP = diastolic blood pressure; MABP = mean arterial blood pressure; SBP = systolic blood pressure.