Associations between sleep disturbances and diabetes mellitus among blacks with metabolic syndrome: Results from the Metabolic Syndrome Outcome Study (MetSO)

Figures & data

Table I. Demographics, medical factors, and sleep symptoms in the Metabolic Syndrome Outcome Study (MetSO) trial.

	Total n = 1,013 Mean ± SD, or n (%)
Age, years	62 ± 14
Systolic BP, mmHg	135 ± 17
Diastolic BP, mmHg	75 ± 11
LDL, mg/dL	106 ± 37
HDL, mg/dL	48 ± 16
Triglycerides, mg/dL	135 ± 77
Diabetes mellitus	612 (60)
Dyslipidemia	477 (47)
Hypertension	578 (57)
≤ 6 hours of sleep	661 (65)
7–8 hours of sleep	266 (26)
≥ 9 hours of sleep	71 (7)
High risk for apnea	493 (48)
Daytime sleepiness	528 (52)
Insomnia symptoms	102 (10)

Table II. Medical and sleep factors by diabetes status in MetSO.

	Diabetes n = 612 (60%) Mean ± SD, or n (%)	No diabetes n = 401 (40%) Mean ± SD, or n (%)
Age, years	62 ± 14	60 ± 14
Systolic BP, mmHg	136 ± 17	133 ± 19
Diastolic BP, mmHg	75 ± 11	76 ± 12
LDL, mg/dL	102 ± 36	111 ± 38
HDL, mg/dL	47 ± 14	49 ± 19
Triglycerides, mg/dL	134 ± 74	138 ± 83
≤ 6 hours of sleep	400 (65)	261 (65)
7–8 hours of sleep	161 (26)	105 (26)
≥ 9 hours of sleep	41 (6)	30 (7)
High risk for apnea ^a	320 (52)	173 (43)
Daytime sleepiness	322 (53)	206 (51)
Insomnia symptoms	60 (10)	42 (10)

BP = blood pressure; HDL = high-density lipoprotein cholesterol; LDL = low-density lipoprotein.

^aP < 0.05.

Table III. Associations between sleep apnea risk, demographics, and medical factors with diabetes mellitus in blacks with metabolic syndrome.

	OR	95% CI
High risk for sleep apnea	1.66	1.21–2.28
Short or long sleep	1.03	0.73–1.45
Insomnia, yes versus no	1.15	0.69–1.89
Age, years	1.02	1.01–1.03
Women versus men	0.61	0.43–0.85
Income	1.06	0.78–1.45
Tobacco use	1.20	0.89–1.61
Alcohol use	1.00	0.99–1.00
Obesity	0.66	0.38–1.16
Dyslipidemia	1.52	1.09–2.14
Hypertension	1.19	0.68–2.07
Depression	0.75	0.44–1.28