Co-existence of insulin resistance and high concentrations of circulating oxidized LDL lipids

Figures & data

Figure 1. Oxidized LDL (A) and oxidized LDL/HDL-c (B) in the first and fourth quartiles of HOMA-IR during a 32-month intervention study in middle-aged, originally obese men.

Table I. Means (SD) of study variables according to first and fourth HOMA quartiles at each time point during the 32-month lifestyle intervention study.

Variable	Baseline	After WR	After WMP	After 1 y follow-up	After 2 y follow-up
Waist (cm)
HOMA first quartile	110.0 (5.7)	92.8 (4.7)	90.9 (4.9)	99.0 (9.2)	98.7 (7.0)
HOMA fourth quartile	115.9 (9.2)	100.2 (6.9)	104.9 (6.1)	112.6 (6.1)	113.7 (9.6)
Significance	0.038	0.001	< 0.001	< 0.001	< 0.001
HDL-c (mmol/L)
HOMA first quartile	1.26 (0.3)	1.23 (0.2)	1.45 (0.4)	1.51 (0.3)	1.45 (0.3)
HOMA fourth quartile	1.23 (0.2)	1.21 (0.3)	1.35 (0.3)	1.19 (0.2)	1.19 (0.2)
Significance	NS	NS	NS	0.001	0.014
Triglycerides (mmol/L)
HOMA first quartile	1.64 (0.9)	0.99 (0.2)	1.03 (0.3)	1.00 (0.2)	1.12 (0.5)
HOMA fourth quartile	2.53 (1.8)	1.80 (0.5)	2.05 (0.7)	2.29 (1.0)	2.95 (2.0)
Significance	NS	< 0.001	< 0.001	< 0.001	< 0.001
Triglycerides/HDL-c
HOMA first quartile	1.48 (1.2)	0.82 (0.2)	0.78 (0.4)	0.69 (0.2)	0.84 (0.5)
HOMA fourth quartile	2.24 (2.0)	1.62 (0.7)	1.65 (0.9)	2.0 (1.0)	2.8 (2.2)
Significance	0.114	< 0.001	< 0.001	< 0.001	< 0.001
Total cholesterol/HDL-c
HOMA first quartile	4.50 (1.3)	3.30 (0.6)	3.36 (1.0)	3.38 (0.7)	3.49 (0.9)
HOMA fourth quartile	4.8 (1.1)	4.17 (0.9)	4.34 (0.9)	4.96 (1.2)	4.61 (1.3)
Significance	NS	0.005	0.003	< 0.001	< 0.001
LDL-c (mmol/L)
HOMA first quartile	3.46 (0.7)	2.43 (0.5)	2.72 (0.7)	2.85 (0.6)	2.79 (0.6)
HOMA fourth quartile	3.61 (0.5)	3.14 (0.5)	3.22 (0.5)	3.31 (0.7)	3.60 (0.6)
Significance	0.434	< 0.001	0.015	0.049	0.001
HOMA-IR
HOMA-IR first quartile	1.75 (0.2)	1.1 (0.1)	1.1 (0.2)	0.91 (0.1)	0.98 (0.2)
HOMA-IR fourth quartile	5.16 (1.1)	3.12 (1.7)	2.75 (0.4)	3.49 (1.8)	4.33 (3.3)
Significance	< 0.001	< 0.001	< 0.001	< 0.001	< 0.001

HDL-c = high-density lipoprotein cholesterol; HOMA-IR = homeostasis model assessment for insulin resistance; LDL-c = low-density lipoprotein cholesterol; WMP = weight maintenance period (6 months); WRP = weight reduction period (2 months).

Table II. Pearson correlations between HOMA-IR and ox-LDL parameters at each time point during the study.

Variable	Baseline	After WRP	After WMP	After 1-y follow-up	After 2-y follow-up	Change after WRP^a
Ox-LDL
Correlation	0.365	0.304	0.550	0.380	0.471	0.277
Significance	0.002	0.012	< 0.001	0.002	< 0.001	0.026
Ox-LDL/HDL-c
Correlation	0.300	0.274	0.449	0.428	0.538	0.365
Significance	0.014	0.025	< 0.001	< 0.001	< 0.001	0.003

HDL-c = high-density lipoprotein cholesterol; Ox-LDL = oxidized LDL lipids; WMP = weight maintenance period; WRP = weight reduction period.

^aPartial correlations between changes in HOMA-IR and ox-LDL parameters during the 2.5 years after WRP, and after controlling for corresponding change in BMI and waist circumference.