Plasma adiponectin levels are associated with left ventricular hypertrophy in a random sample of middle-aged subjects

Figures & data

Table I. General characteristics of study groups.

	All (SD)	Hypertensives (SD)	Controls (SD)	P-value
Number of patients	933	453	480
Age (yrs)	51.2 (6.0)	51.1 (5.9)	51.3 (6.1)	0.603
Weight (kg)	77.6 (15.1)	81.2 (15.6)	74.1 (13.8)	0.000
Body surface area (m^2)	1.9 (0.2)	1.9 (0.2)	1.8 (0.2)	0.000
BMI (kg/m^2)	27.4 (4.4)	28.7 (4.6)	26.2 (3.9)	0.000
Systolic BP (mmHg)	147.7 (21.9)	154.8 (20.8)	141.1 (20.9)	0.000
Diastolic BP (mmHg)	88.8 (12.1)	93.1 (11.1)	84.7 (11.6)	0.000
Pack-years	11.7 (13.9)	11.6 (13.8)	11.9 (14.0)	0.747
Smokers (%)	28.5	25.4	31.5	0.000
Adiponectin concentration (mg/L)	15.7 (6.3)	14.8 (6.2)	16.5 (6.3)	0.000

Table II. Use of selected medications among the hypertensive and control cohorts by gender.

Medication	Control cohort			Hypertensive cohort
	Men (n = 232)^a	Women (n = 248)^a	All (n = 480)^a	Men (n = 229)^a	Women (n = 224)^a	All (n = 453)^a
Antihypertensive medication	23 (9.9)	27 (10.9)	40 (8.3)	210 (91.7)	215 (96.0)	425 (93.8)
Diuretics	2 (0.9)	8 (3.2)	10 (2.1)	50 (21.8)	87 (38.8)	137 (30.2)
Beta-blockers	17 (7.3)	11 (4.4)	28 (5.8)	116 (50.7)	110 (49.1)	226 (49.9)
Calcium-channel blockers	8 (3.4)	7 (2.8)	15 (3.1)	48 (21.0)	51 (22.8)	99 (21.8)
ACE-inhibitors	3 (1.3)	7 (2.8)	10 (2.1)	86 (37.6)	75 (33.5)	161 (35.5)
Others	0	0	0	12 (5.2)	17 (7.6)	29 (6.4)

^a% values are given in brackets.

Table III. The echocardiographic measurements in relation to study group.

	All (n = 933)^a	Hypertensives (n = 453)^a	Controls (n = 480)^a	P-value
Intraventricular septum (mm)	10.8 (2.2)	11.4 (2.3)	10.2 (1.9)	0.000
Posterior ventricular wall (mm)	10.2 (1.8)	10.7 (1.8)	9.6 (1.7)	0.000
LV mass (g)	247.8 (86.1)	269.1 (87.4)	227.6 (79.8)	0.000
LV mass index (g/m^2)	131.3 (38.7)	140.1 (39.2)	122.9 (36.4)	0.000
Fractional shortening (%)	35.0 (5.8)	35.4 (6.0)	34.6 (5.7)	0.035
LV internal dimension (mm)	51.7 (5.4)	51.8 (5.4)	51.5 (5.3)	0.355

^aSD values are given in brackets.

Table IV. The echocardiographic measurements in the four adiponectin quartiles in all of the subjects.

Adiponectin quartiles	1 (<10.9) (n = 228)^b	2 (10.9–15.0) (n = 236)^b	3 (15.0–19.5) (n= 232)^b	4 (>19.5) (n = 237)^b	P-value	Adjusted P-value^a
Intraventricular septum (mm)	11.4 (2.2)	11.1 (2.3)	10.7 (2.1)	10.1 (2.0)	0.000	0.009
Posterior ventricular wall (mm)	10.6 (1.7)	10.4 (1.9)	10.1 (1.8)	9.6 (1.7)	0.000	0.003
LV mass (g)	275.6 (87.4)	259.9 (92.3)	241.7 (79.9)	214.8 (72.0)	0.000	0.001
LV mass index (g/m^2)	139.5 (38.4)	136.5 (43.0)	129.6 (35.8)	119.6 (34.3)	0.000	0.028
Fractional shortening (%)	34.3 (5.9)	35.0 (6.2)	35.4 (5.7)	35.1 (5.7)	0.174	0.474
LV internal diameter (mm)	53.0 (6.1)	52.1 (5.1)	51.3 (4.9)	50.3 (5.0)	0.000	0.116

^aAdjusted for sex, age, pack-years, and systolic blood pressure.

^bSD values are given in brackets.

Table V. The echocardiographic measurements in the four adiponectin quartiles in the hypertensive cohort.

Adiponectin quartiles	1 (<10.1) (n= 115)^b	2 (10.1–14.3) (n = 112)^b	3 (14.3–18.9) (n = 112)^b	4 (>18.9) (n= 114)^b	P-value	Adjusted P-value^a
Intraventricular septum (mm)	11.9 (2.4)	11.7 (2.3)	11.6 (2.2)	10.6 (2.0)	0.000	0.025
Posterior ventricular wall (mm)	11.0 (1.8)	10.9 (1.9)	10.9 (1.7)	10.1 (1.7)	0.001	0.013
LV mass (g)	298.8 (93.4)	276.6 (82.2)	271.3 (86.5)	229.7 (72.5)	0.000	0.003
LV mass index (g/m^2)	148.7 (41.7)	142.5 (37.9)	142.1 (40.3)	126.9 (33.8)	0.000	0.032
Fractional shortening (%)	34.9 (6.1)	35.4 (6.0)	35.9 (5.6)	35.3 (6.3)	0.654	0.662
LV internal diameter (mm)	53.7 (6.0)	52.0 (5.1)	51.5 (4.9)	50.2 (5.3)	0.000	0.146

^aAdjusted for sex, age, pack-years, and systolic blood pressure.

^b% values are given in brackets.

Figure 1. Left ventricular (LV) mass index in the four adiponectin quartiles in the whole study group. P<0.001 before and P=0.028 (in parentheses) after adjustment for age, sex, pack-years, and systolic blood pressure. 1=the lowest quartile, 4=the highest quartile.

Figure 2. Left ventricular (LV) mass index in the four adiponectin quartiles in the hypertensive cohort. P<0.001 before and P=0.032 (in parentheses) after adjustment for age, sex, pack-years, and systolic blood pressure.