Aortic root dilatation in hypertensive patients: A multicenter survey in echocardiographic practice

Figures & data

Table IA. Clinical characteristic in hypertensive men with and without aortic root dilatation at echocardiography.

	Aortic root dilatation
	Yes (n = 197)	No (n = 970)	p
Age (years)	62.2 ± 11.3	59.3 ± 13.0	0.02
Clinic BP (mmHg)	136 ± 16/82 ± 10	139 ± 17/84 ± 11	NS
Heart rate (beats/min)	70 ± 12	71 ± 11	NS
Weight (kg)	86.1 ± 14.9	82.0 ± 13.3	<0.0001
Height (cm)	174 ± 7	172 ± 8	<0.001
BSA (m^2)	2.0 ± 0.18	1.95 ± 0.17	<0.001
BMI (kg/m^2)	28.5 ± 4.7	27.4 ± 4.1	0.02
Obesity (%)	30.1	23.9	NS
Diabetes mellitus (%)	9.1	7.4	NS
Elderly (>65 years) (%)	44.4	37.8	<0.01
Treatment (%)	87.2	82.3	NS

Data are shown as means ± SD or percent. BP, blood pressure; BSA, body surface area; BMI, body mass index.

Table IB. Clinical characteristics in hypertensive women with and without aortic root dilatation at echocardiography.

	Aortic root dilatation
	Yes (n = 66)	No (n = 996)	p
Age (years)	70.3 ± 9.9	63.9 ± 13.3	0.0002
Clinic BP (mmHg)	140 ± 18/81 ± 10	141 ± 18/82 ± 10	NS
Heart rate (beats/min)	71 ± 10	72 ± 11	NS
Weight (kg)	72.7 ± 16.4	68.5 ± 13.4	NS
Height (cm)	160 ± 8	158 ± 7	NS
BSA (m^2)	1.75 ± 0.20	1.70 ± 0.16	NS
BMI (kg/m^2)	28.6 ± 6.3	27.4 ± 5.3	NS
Obesity (%)	36.6	27.3	NS
Diabetes mellitus (%)	5.5	8.9	NS
Elderly (>65 years) (%)	80.3	54.3	<0.0001
Treatment (%)	95.5	85.3	0.02

Data are shown as means ± SD or percent. BP, blood pressure; BSA, body surface area; BMI, body mass index.

Table IIA. Echocardiographic variables in hypertensive men with and without aortic root dilatation.

	Aortic root dilatation
	Yes (n = 197)	No (n = 970)	p
LVIDd (mm)	51.8 ± 5.2	50.5 ± 5.1	0.002
IVSTd (mm)	11.4 ± 1.6	10.8 ± 1.5	<0.0001
PWTd (mm)	10.2 ± 1.6	9.8 ± 1.4	0.0002
LV RWT	0.42 ± 0.06	0.41 ± 0.07	<0.05
Aortic root (mm)	42.2 ± 3.8	34.5 ± 3.1	<0.0001
Left atrium (mm)	40.3 ± 6.1	39.5 ± 5.5	NS
LVEF (%)	63.5 ± 7.8	65.3 ± 8.0	0.007
E/A ratio	0.93 ± 0.37	1.00 ± 0.37	NS
LV mass (g)	258.3 ± 69.7	230.3 ± 61.9	<0.0001
LV mass/BSA (g/m^2)	129.4 ± 35.1	118.6 ± 30.1	<0.0001
LV mass/h (g/m^2.7)	58.5 ± 16.9	53.8 ± 15.4	<0.0001

Data are shown as means ± SD or percent. LVIDd, diastolic LV internal diameter; IVSTd, diastolic interventricular septum thickness; PWTd, diastolic posterior wall thickness; LV, left ventricular; RWT, relative wall thickness; LVEF, left ventricular ejection fraction; BSA, body surface area.

Table IIB. Echocardiographic variables in hypertensive women with and without aortic root dilatation.

	Aortic root dilatation
	Yes (n = 66)	No (n = 996)	p
LVIDd (mm)	48.8 ± 4.1	46.6 ± 4.5	0.002
IVSTd (mm)	11.1 ± 1.7	10.1 ± 1.7	0.0003
PWTd (mm)	9.8 ± 1.3	9.1 ± 1.4	<0.0001
LV RWT	0.43 ± 0.07	0.41 ± 0.07	<0.05
Aortic root (mm)	40.3 ± 5.1	30.9 ± 3.2	<0.0001
Left atrium (mm)	38.7 ± 6.2	36.9 ± 5.9	<0.01
LVEF (%)	63.7 ± 6.8	66.0 ± 7.1	NS
E/A ratio	0.88 ± 0.42	0.94 ± 0.34	NS
LV mass (g)	220.4 ± 48.5	180.3 ± 52.8	<0.0001
LV mass/BSA (g/m^2)	127.4 ± 31.2	106.2 ± 29.3	<0.0001
LVmass/h2.7 (g/m^2.7)	63.3 ± 16.9	52.5 ± 16.3	<0.0001

Data are shown as means ± SD or percent. LVIDd, diastolic LV internal diameter; IVSTd, diastolic interventricular septum thickness; PWTd, diastolic posterior wall thickness; LV, left ventricular; RWT, relative wall thickness; LVEF, left ventricular ejection fraction; BSA, body surface area.

Table III. Univariate correlation analysis between aortic root diameter and clinical/echocardiographic parameters in the study population as a whole and in both genders.

	All (n = 2229)		Men (n = 1167)		Women (n = 1062)
	r	p-value	r	p-value	r	p-value
Age (years)	0.07	0.001	0.11	0.0002	0.22	<0.0001
Clinic SBP (mmHg)	0.06	0.008	0.04	NS	0.01	NS
Clinic DBP (mmHg)	0.04	NS	0.02	NS	0.02	NS
Weight (kg)	0.34	<0.0001	0.17	<0.0001	0.16	<0.0001
Height (cm)	0.40	<0.0001	0.15	<0.0001	0.11	<0.0001
BSA (m^2)	0.40	<0.0001	0.19	<0.0001	0.17	<0.0001
BMI (kg/m^2)	0.11	<0.0001	0.10	0.0007	0.11	0.0004
LV mass (g)	0.38	<0.0001	0.20	<0.0001	0.29	<0.0001
EF (%)	−0.08	0.001	0.05	NS	0.05	NS
LV RWT	0.03	NS	0.01	NS	0.08	0.01
Left atrium (mm)	0.19	<0.0001	0.08	0.01	0.14	<0.0001
E/A ratio	−0.07	0.005	−0.11	0.002	−0.15	<0.0001

SBP, systolic blood pressure; DBP, blood pressure; BSA, body surface area; BMI, body mass index; LV, left ventricular; EF, ejection fraction; RWT, relative wall thickness.

Table IV. Multiple linear regression analyses between aortic and clinical/echocardiographic variables in the study population as a whole and in both genders.

Independent variable	β	p
4A All hypertensive patients (n = 2229) (Model 1)
BSA (m^2)	0.368	<0.0001
LV mass (g)	0.283	<0.0001
Age (years)	0.100	0.0004
E/A ratio	−0.073	0.002
Systolic BP (mmHg)	−0.071	0.002
Left atrium diameter (mm)	−0.065	0.02
LVEF (%)	0.039	NS
4B Hypertensive men (n = 1167) (Model 1)
BSA (m^2)	0.236	<0.0001
LV mass (g)	0.223	<0.0001
Age (years)	0.131	0.001
E/A ratio	−0.093	0.01
Left atrium diameter (mm)	−0.064	NS
4C Hypertensive women (n = 1062) (Model 1)
LV mass (g)	0.262	<0.0001
Age (years)	0.148	0.001
BSA (m^2)	0.097	0.02
LV relative wall thickness	−0.064	NS
E/A ratio	−0.061	NS
Left atrium diameter (mm)	−0.044	NS

BSA, body surface area; LV, left ventricular; BP, blood pressure; EF, ejection fraction.