An invasive but simple and accurate method for ascending aorta–femoral artery pulse wave velocity measurement

Figures & data

Table I. The inclusion and exclusion criteria for study.

Criteria for inclusion	Exclusion criteria
Persons giving consent to the study	Patients with moderate or severe valve stenosis
Patients scheduled for elective coronary angiography	Patients with moderate or severe valve insufficiency
Patients between the ages of 18 and 80	Patients diagnosed with cardiomyopathy
	Patients with atrial fibrillation, atrial flutter, other tachyarrhythmia and bradyarrhythmias
	Patients with electrocardiographic bundle branch block
	Patients with early acute myocardial infarction or unstable angina pectoris
	Patients with congenital heart disease
	Patients with symptomatic heart failure
	Systemic diseases that involves aorta (Marfan's, Ehler Danlos, etc.)
	Patients with aortic aneurysm

Figure 1. The pressure curves obtained from the ascending aorta (P1) and the femoral artery (P2) (t, transit time).

Table II. Clinical characteristics of patients.

	Male (n = 19, %79,2)	Female (n =5, %20,8)
Age (year)	56.7 ± 11.8	58.2 ± 7.0
Body mass index (kg/m^2)	28.1 ± 4.2	28.4 ± 3.7
HT (n, %)	10 (52.6)	4 (80.0)
DM (n, %)	3 (15.7)	2 (40.0)
Total cholesterol, (mg/dl)	192.6 ± 48.1	179.6 ± 49.4
LDL cholesterol, (mg/dl)	112.8 ± 36.6	100.6 ± 42.4
HDL cholesterol, (mg/dl)	46.6 ± 11.9	50.2 ± 14.5
Triglyceride,(mg/dl)	167.5 ± 90.2	142.2 ± 54.2
Smoking (n, %)	12 (63.1)	1 (20.0)
CAD in family (n, %)	7 (36.8)	2 (40.0)
Prior MI (n, %)	4 (21.0)	1 (20.0)

HT, hypertension; DM, diabetes mellitus; LDL, low-density lipoprotein; HDL, high-density lipoprotein; CAD, coronary artery disease; MI, myocardial infarction.

Table III. Comparison of hemodynamic parameters in the groups with and without coronary artery disease (CAD).

Hemodynamic parameters	With CAD	Without CAD	p-value
Aortic pulse wave velocity (m/s)	12.61 ± 6.31	7.58 ± 2.26	0.04*
Ascending aorta systolic pressure (mmHg)	145.56 ± 27.99	129.75 ± 13.41	0.14
Diastolic pressure in the ascending aorta	75.81 ± 10.43	71.12 ± 11.14	0.32
Pulse pressure in the ascending aorta	69.75 ± 20.78	58.62 ± 13.28	0.18
Femoral artery systolic pressure	141.06 ± 30.0	115.25 ± 23.6	0.04*
Femoral artery diastolic pressure	70.75 ± 17.57	56.37 ± 18.95	0.07
Femoral artery pulse pressure	70.25 ± 25.41	58.87 ± 17.49	0.27

*p <0.05.

Table IV. Correlation analysis of aortic pulse wave velocity (PWV) with age, the presence of coronary artery disease (CAD) and hemodynamic parameters.

Parameters	r	p-value
Age	0.33	0.004*
Presence of coronary artery disease	0.17	0.04*
Heart rate	0.39	0.053
Systolic pressure in the ascending aorta	0.30	0.006*
Femoral artery systolic pressure	0.27	0.008*
Pulse pressure in the ascending aorta	0.33	0.003*
Femoral artery pulse pressure	0.16	0.04*
Diastolic pressure in the ascending aorta	0.24	0.25
Femoral artery diastolic pressure	0.33	0.11

*p <0,05.