Genetic polymorphisms of myeloperoxidase and their effect on hypertension

Figures & data

Table I. Socio-demographic characteristics of hypertension patients and normotension subjects.

Variable and group	Hypertension, n (%)	Normotension, n (%)	Age-gender adjusted OR (95% CI)
Gender
Female	104 (40.94)	101 (39.76)	1.00^a
Male	150 (59.06)	153 (60.24)	0.95 (0.67–1.36)
Age
(Mean± SE)	69.43 ± 0.71	69.03 ± 0.68	0.95 (0.60–1.49)^b
< 60	47 (18.50)	45 (17.72)	1.00^b
≥ 60	207 (81.50)	209 (82.28)	0.95 (0.60–1.41)
Marital status
Single	7 (2.76)	8 (3.15)	1.00
Married	220 (86.61)	194 (76.38)	1.25 (0.44–3.53)
Others	27 (10.63)	52 (20.47)	0.55 (0.18–1.72)
Highest educational level^c
Junior high school or below	104 (41.11)	88 (34.92)	1.00
High school	100 (39.53)	83 (32.94)	1.01 (0.67–1.53)
College or above	49 (19.37)	81 (32.14)	0.50 (0.31–0.79)**
Body mass index (kg/m^2)
< 24	78 (30.71)	126 (49.61)	1.00^d,***
24–27	93 (36.61)	74 (29.13)	2.03 (1.34–3.08)**
≥ 27	83 (32.68)	54 (21.8226)	2.48 (1.59–3.88)***
Diabetes
No	206 (81.10)	244 (96.06)	1.00
Yes	48 (18.90)	10 (3.94)	5.70 (2.81–11.56)***
Cigarette smoking
No	176 (69.29)	166 (65.35)	1.00
Yes	78 (30.71)	88 (34.65)	0.83 (0.56–1.24)
Alcohol consumption
No	186 (73.52)	146 (57.48)	1.00
Current drinker	33 (13.04)	44 (17.32)	0.54 (0.32–0.92)*
Occasional drinker	34 (13.44)	64 (25.20)	0.71 (0.38 – 1.32)
Tea consumption
NO	118 (46.46)	81 (31.89)	1.00
Current drinker	91 (35.83)	89 (35.04)	0.70 (0.47–1.06)
Occasional drinker	45 (17.72)	84 (33.07)	0.37 (0.23–0.58)***
Coffee consumption
NO	157 (61.81)	118 (46.64)	1.00
Current drinker	47 (18.50)	45 (17.79)	0.78 (0.48–1.26)
Occasional drinker	50 (19.69)	90 (35.57)	0.42 (0.28–0.64)***
MPO G-463A
GG	167 (65.75)	180 (70.87)	1.00
GA	80 (31.50)	70 (27.56)	1.23 (0.84–1.81)
AA	7 (2.76)	4 (1.57)	1.86 (0.53–6.51)
GA/AA	87 (34.25)	74 (29.13)	1.27 (0.87–1.84)

^aAge adjusted. ^bGender adjusted. ^cInformation of highest educational level was not available in 1 hypertension patient and 2 controls. ^dTrend test. *p < 0.05; **p < 0.01; ***p < 0.001.

Table II. Multivariate analysis between MPO G-463A polymorphism and hypertension risk.

Variables	OR^a (95% CI)	OR^b (95% CI)
Age (1 age increment)	1.00 (0.98–1.02)	0.99 (0.98–1.02)
Gender (Male vs female)	0.96 (0.60–1.51)	0.78 (0.47–1.27)
High school vs junior high school or below	1.10 (0.66–1.58)	1.26 (0.74–2.13)
College or above vs junior high school or below	0.62 (0.35–1.10)	0.73 (0.41–1.32)
BMI (kg/m^2)	1.12 (1.05–1.19)***	1.12 (1.05–1.19)***
HDL (1 mg/dl increment)	0.98 (0.97–1.00)^+	0.98 (0.96–1.00)^+
MPO (GA/AA vs GG)	1.85 (1.17–2.92)**	1.97 (1.23–3.16)**
Diabetes (yes vs no)	4.52 (2.08–9.81)***	4.59 (2.08–10.13)***
Alcohol drinking (yes vs no)		0.74 (0.55–0.99)*
Tea drinking (yes vs no)		0.73 (0.54–0.99)*
Coffee drinking (yes vs no)		0.86 (0.66–1.13)

^aAdjusted for age, gender, educational status, body mass index (BMI), high-density lipoprotein (HDL), and diabetes. ^bAdjusted for age, gender, educational status, BMI, HDL, diabetes, alcohol drinking, tea drinking and coffee drinking. *p < 0.05; **p < 0.01; ***p < 0.001; ⁺0.05 <p < 0.1.

Table III. MPO G-463A polymorphism and hypertension risk stratified by cigarette smoking status or diabetes status.

	Non-smokers		Smokers
MPO G-463A	Hypertension/normotension	OR (95% CI)	Hypertension/normotension	OR (95% CI)
GG	113/121	1.00	54/59	1.00
GA/AA	63/45	2.19 (1.25–3.86)^a,**	24/29	1.30 (0.59–2.84)^a
GA/AA		2.43 (1.34–4.42)^b,**		1.18 (0.50–2.78)^b
	Non-diabetes		Diabetes
MPO G-463A	Hypertension/normotension	OR (95% CI)	Hypertension/normotension	OR (95% CI)
GG	113/121	1.00	54/59	1.00
GA/AA	63/45	1.80 (1.12–2.90)^c,*	24/29	2.68 (0.37–19.40)^c
GA/AA		1.98 (1.21–3.24)^d,**		2.07 (0.26–16.74)^d

^aAdjusted for gender, age, body mass index (BMI), high-density lipoprotein (HDL), educational level, diabetes. ^bAdjusted for gender, age, BMI, HDL, educational level, diabetes, alcohol drinking, tea drinking and coffee drinking. ^cAdjusted for gender, age, BMI, HDL, educational level, cigarette smoking status. ^dAdjusted for gender, age, BMI, HDL, educational level, cigarette smoking status, alcohol drinking, tea drinking and coffee drinking. *p < 0.05; **p < 0.01.

Figure 1. Interaction between MPO G-463A and diabetes (A) and MPO G-463A and BMI (B) on hypertension risk. Odds ratio adjusted for gender, age, high-density lipoprotein, highest educational level, alcohol drinking, and tea drinking and coffee drinking. p_trend < 0.001.