Correlation of atherosclerotic renal artery stenosis with extracranial carotid and intracranial cerebral artery atherosclerosis in patients with ischemic stroke

Figures & data

Table I. Clinical and demographic characteristics of ischemic stroke patients (n = 264).

Characteristics	Values
Mean age± SD (years)	63.2 ± 9.8
Male gender (%)	183 (69.3)
Smoking (%)	94 (35.6)
Hypertension (%)	222 (84.1)
ACE inhibitors and/or ARB (%)	72 (32.4)
Diabetes mellitus (%)	106 (40.2)
Hyperlipidemia (%)	79 (29.9)
ECAS (≥ 70%)	66 (25.0)
ICAS (≥ 50%)	48 (18.2)

SD, standard deviation; ACE, angiotensin-converting enzyme; ARB, angiotensin receptor blocker; ECAS, extracranial carotid arteries atherosclerosis; ICAS, intracranial cerebral atherosclerosis.

Table II. Comparison of clinical characteristics and cerebral stenosis between patients with and without ARAS.

Characteristics	ARAS (≥ 50%) (n = 34)	No ARAS (n = 230)	p
Mean age ± SD (years)	66.4 ± 8.3	62.8 ± 10.0	0.179
Old age (≥ 60 years)	29 (85.3%)	149 (64.8%)	0.017
Male gender (%)	23 (67.6%)	160 (69.6%)	0.821
Smoking (%)	13 (38.2%)	81 (35.2%)	0.745
Hypertension (%)	30 (88.2%)	192 (83.5%)	0.479
ACE inhibitors and/or ARB (%)	9 (30.0%)	63 (32.8%)	0.910
Diabetes mellitus (%)	13 (38.2%)	93 (40.4%)	0.792
Hyperlipidemia (%)	11 (32.4%)	68 (29.6%)	0.740
ECAS (≥ 70%)	19 (55.9%)	47 (20.4%)	0.000
ICAS (≥ 50%)	9 (26.5%)	39 (17.0%)	0.222

ARAS, atherosclerotic renal artery stenosis; SD, standard deviation; ACE, angiotensin-converting enzyme; ARB, angiotensin receptor blocker; ECAS, extracranial carotid arteries atherosclerosis; ICAS, intracranial cerebral atherosclerosis.

Table III. The severity and distribution of stenosis in the renal artery and cerebral arteries.

(a) ECAS
	Severity of stenosis
	Normal	< 30%	30–70%	≥ 70% or occlusion
NO ARAS	136	21	26	47
ARAS (≥ 50%)	9	2	4	19
(b) ICAS
	Severity of stenosis
	Normal	< 50%		≥ 50% or occlusion
NO ARAS	168	23		39
ARAS (≥ 50%)	23	2		9

ARAS, atherosclerotic renal artery stenosis; ECAS, extracranial carotid arteries atherosclerosis; ICAS, intracranial cerebral atherosclerosis.

Table IV. Logistic regression analysis of significant ARAS.

Variable	OR	95% CI	p
Old age (≥ 60 years)	2.836	1.016–7.913	0.047
ECAS (≥ 70%)	5.272	2.396–11.60	0.000
ICAS (≥ 50%)	2.478	0.997–6.157	0.051

ARAS, atherosclerotic renal artery stenosis; OR, odds ratios; CI, confidence intervals; ECAS, extracranial carotid arteries atherosclerosis; ICAS, intracranial cerebral atherosclerosis.