Impact of blood glucose variability on carotid artery intima media thickness and distensibility in type 1 diabetes mellitus

Figures & data

Table I. Demographic and hemodynamic findings in type I diabetic patients without microvascular complications enrolled in the study.

Variable	Value
Males:females ratio	11:6
Age (years)	40.7 ± 7.5
Duration of diabetes (years)	13.6 ± 8.8
Waist (cm)	88.6 ± 15.2
Hips (cm)	104.7 ± 9.5
Systolic blood pressure (mmHg)	129.6 ± 17.2
Diastolic blood pressure (mmHg)	77.9 ± 9.8
Pulse pressure (mmHg)	47.2 ± 11.6
Heart rate (beats/min)	72.7 ± 14.2
Total cholesterol (mg/dl)	196.7 ± 33.9
Triglycerides (mg/dl)	74.6 ± 22.9

Data are shown as means ± standard deviation, with the exception of the males/females ratio (absolute numbers).

Table II. Characteristics of blood glucose metabolism and of carotid artery in the 17 type I diabetics patients enrolled in the study.

Variable	Mean± SD
Fasting blood glucose (mg/dl)	147.2 ± 72.1
HbA1c (%)	7.7 ± 1.2
Blood glucose standard deviation (mg/dl)	54.4 ± 28.6
24 hours glycemia (mg/dl)	142.3 ± 52.8
MAGE 24-h (mg/dl)	126.3 ± 57.5
Postprandial spikes (mg/dl)	81.5 ± 33.6
Insulin (U/day)	49.0 ± 15.6
Carotid artery distensibility (mm/mmHg10^2)	3.69 ± 1.8
Right carotid intima media thickness (mm)	0.55 ± 0.1

Data are shown as means ± standard deviation (SD). MAGE: mean amplitude of glycemic excursion.

Figure 1. Pearson's correlation coefficients of the relationships between right carotid intima-media thickness, carotid artery distensibility and anthropometric, hemodynamic and metabolic parameters. SBP, systolic blood pressure; DBP, diastolic blood; TC, total cholesterol; HR, heart rate; PPHS, postprandial hyperglycemic spikes; DMD, diabetes mellitus duration; FBG, fasting blood glucose; 24h-BG, mean blood glucose of the 24 hours; BG-SD, blood glucose standard deviation; MAGE, mean amplitude of glucose excursion.

Figure 2. Pearson's correlation coefficients of the relationships between blood glucose standard deviation and mean amplitude of glucose excursion with other parameters of blood glucose metabolism. DMD, diabetes mellitus duration; FBG, fasting blood glucose; 24h-BG, mean blood glucose of the 24 hours; PPHS, postprandial hyperglycemic spikes; MAGE, mean amplitude of glucose excursion; BG-SD, blood glucose standard deviation.