Tumor Necrosis Factor-α Promoter Gene Polymorphisms Are Not Associated with Hepatitis C Virus Infection in Chinese Hemodialysis Patients

Figures & data

Figure 1. The primary disease of all HD patients.

Table 1. Demographic features of the anti-HCV (+) and the anti-HCV (−) groups.

Characteristics	Anti-HCV (+) (n = 179)	Anti-HCV (−) (n = 705)	p-Value
Age (mean ± SD)	53.26 ± 11.64	52.46 ± 13.86	0.433^a
Gender, n (%)
Male	122 (68.2)	434 (61.6)	0.103^b
Female	57 (31.8)	271 (38.4)
Duration of HD (mean ± SD)	6.98 ± 4.79	2.68 ± 2.94	0.000^a
Blood transfusion, n (%)
Yes	114 (63.7)	311 (44.1)	0.000^b
No	65 (36.3)	394 (55.9)
Kidney transplantation, n (%)
Yes	9 (10.1)	11 (3.5)	0.011^b
No	80 (89.9)	306 (96.5)
Dialyzer reuse, n (%)
Yes	69 (46.0)	42 (7.3)	0.000^b
No	81 (54.0)	537 (92.7)

Notes: HD, hemodialysis; HCV, hepatitis C virus. ^at-Test. ^bχ²-Test.

Table 2. Demographic and clinical features of the persistent, viral clearance, and the anti-HCV (−) groups.

	Anti-HCV (+) (n = 179)
Characteristics	Persistent infection (n = 143)	Viral clearance (n = 36)	Anti-HCV (−) (n = 705)	p-Value
Age (mean ± SD)	52.71 ± 11.75	55.44 ± 11.08	52.46 ± 13.86	0.429^a
Gender, n (%)
Male	99 (69.2)	23 (63.9)	434 (61.6)	0.222^b
Female	44 (30.8)	13 (36.1)	271 (38.4)
ALT (U/L)	27.58 ± 32.23	11.14 ± 7.14	11.74 ± 12.30	0.000^a
≥40, n (%)	30 (21.0)	1 (2.7)	15 (2.1)	0.000^b
<40, n (%)	113 (79.0)	35 (97.3)	690 (97.9)
AST (U/L)	25.42 ± 21.32	14.97 ± 7.86	16.36 ± 14.93	0.000^a
≥40, n (%)	16 (11.5)	2 (5.5)	32 (4.7)	0.002^b
<40, n (%)	123 (88.5)	34 (94.5)	655 (95.3)
GGT (U/L)	50.10 ± 44.32	26.66 ± 18.75	29.64 ± 35.99	0.000^a
≥50, n (%)	46 (33.6)	4 (11.4)	94 (13.7)	0.000^b
<50, n (%)	91 (66.4)	31 (88.6)	593 (86.3)

Notes: HCV, hepatitis C virus; ALT, alanine aminotransferase; AST, aspartate aminotransferase; GGT, γ-glutamyltransferase.

^at-Test.

^bχ²-Test.

Table 3. Comparison of frequencies of genotypes and alleles of TNF-α between the anti-HCV (+) and the anti-HCV (−) groups.

TNF-α polymorphisms	Anti-HCV (+), n (%)	Anti-HCV (−), n (%)	p-Value^a	OR^a (95% CI)
238
GG	164 (91.6)	643 (91.2)	–	1.00 (reference)
GA	14 (7.8)	59 (8.4)	0.222	2.06 (0.65–6.53)
AA	1 (0.6)	4 (0.4)	–	–
GA+AA	15 (8.4)	66 (8.8)	0.229	2.03 (0.64–2.40)
G	342 (95.5)	1345 (95.4)	–	1.00 (reference)
A	16 (4.5)	65 (4.6)	0.287	3.56 (0.36–36.87)
308
GG	159 (88.8)	597 (83.3)	–	1.00 (reference)
GA	17 (9.5)	108 (15.3)	0.062	0.36 (0.13–1.05)
AA	3 (1.7)	10 (1.4)	0.277	0.30 (0.03–2.61)
GA+AA	20 (11.2)	102 (16.7)	0.140	0.47 (0.18–1.28)
G	335 (93.6)	1282 (90.9)	–	1.00 (reference)
A	23 (6.4)	128 (9.1)	0.361	0.36 (0.04–3.21)

Notes: HD, hemodialysis; HCV, hepatitis C virus; TNF, tumor necrosis factor; OR, odds ratio; CI, confidence interval. ^aLogistic regression model, adjusted by age, gender, duration of HD blood transfusion history, kidney transplantation, and dialyzer reuse.

Table 4. Comparison of frequencies of genotypes and alleles of TNF-α between the chronic HCV infection and the clearance of HCV infection.

TNF-α polymorphisms	Persistent infection, n (%)	Viral clearance, n (%)	p-Value^a	OR^a (95% CI)
238
GG	129 (90.2)	35 (97.2)	–	1.00 (reference)
GA	13 (9.1)	1 (2.8)	0.266	3.27 (0.41–26.37)
AA	1 (0.7)	0 (0.0)	1.000	–
GA+AA	14 (9.8)	1 (2.8)	0.223	3.65 (0.46–29.22)
G	271 (94.8)	71 (98.6)	–	1.00 (reference)
A	15 (5.2)	1 (1.4)	1.000	–
308
GG	127 (88.8)	32 (88.9)	–	1.00 (reference)
GA	13 (9.1)	4 (11.1)	0.787	0.85 (0.25–2.85)
AA	3 (2.1)	0 (0.0)	0.999	–
GA + AA	16 (11.2)	4 (11.1)	0.858	1.12 (0.34–3.68)
G	267 (93.4)	68 (94.4)	–	1.00 (reference)
A	19 (6.6)	4 (5.6)	0.999	–

Notes: HCV, hepatitis C virus; TNF, tumor necrosis factor; OR, odds ratio; CI, confidence interval.^aLogistic regression model, adjusted by age and gender.