Is There Differences in Cognitive and Motor Functioning between Hemodialysis and Peritoneal Dialysis Patients?

Figures & data

Table 1. Characteristics of all study subjects (N = 42).

	X ± SD	Minimum	Maximum
Education (years)	12.62 ± 2.19	8.00	16.00
Age (years)	50.31 ± 11.07	30.00	72.00
BMI (kg/m^2)	24.92 ± 3.78	19.05	37.58
Parathormone (μmol/L)	367.92 ± 340.13	30.90	1648.00
Calcium (mmol/L)	2.42 ± 0.18	1.83	2.80
Phosphorus (mmol/L)	2.08 ± 0.51	0.88	3.30
Ca × P (mmol^2/L^2)	5.04 ± 1.33	2.06	8.28
C-reactive protein (mg/L)	6.16 ± 8.47	0.30	32.90
Beta 2M (mg/L)	46.68 ± 15.93	1.60	88.60
Albumin (g/L)	39.60 ± 3.68	25.00	46.00
Urea (mmol/L)	19.87 ± 5.13	7.53	30.52
Creatinine (μmol/L)	1112.57 ± 215.25	574.00	1647.00
Triglycerides (mmol/L)	2.23 ± 0.99	0.50	5.30
Cholesterol (mmol/L)	5.03 ± 1.27	2.54	8.20
LDL (mmol/L)	3.01 ± 0.99	1.09	5.63
HDL (mmol/L)	1.05 ± 0.23	0.65	1.56
Homocysteine (μmol/L)	29.02 ± 14.27	7.00	69.00
Vitamin B12 (pmol/L)	503.79 ± 221.61	168.00	1177.00
Ferritin (mg/L)	208.30 ± 200.03	12.90	919.30
EPO_week (IU)	5203.25 ± 3992.10	0.00	12,000.00
Hemoglobin (g/L)	111.19 ± 14.98	95.00	152.00

Note: X ± SD, arithmetic mean ± standard deviation; BMI, body mass index; Ca × P, calcium × phosphorus; beta 2M, beta2-microglobulin; LDL, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol; HDL, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol; EPO_week, weekly dosage of erythropoietin.

Table 2. Characteristics of study subjects treated with HD (N = 22) compared with patients treated with CAPD (N = 20) (Student’s t-test for independent samples, two-tailed).

	HD X ± SD	CAPD X ± SD	p
Number of cigarettes	5.00 ± 7.95	6.75 ± 10.92	0.566
Duration of dialysis (years)	7.05 ± 4.27	3.80 ± 1.54	0.003
Age (years)	49.59 ± 11.64	51.10 ± 10.66	0.665
Education (years)	13.00 ± 2.02	12.20 ± 2.33	0.241
Parathormone (μmol/L)	466.20 ± 383.72	259.80 ± 251.82	0.048
Calcium (mmol/L)	2.36 ± 0.20	2.48 ± 0.14	0.033
Phosphorus (mmol/L)	2.03 ± 0.32	2.13 ± 0.67	0.545
BMI (kg/m^2)	24.01 ± 3.10	25.92 ± 4.26	0.104
Vitamin B12 (pmol/L)	476.18 ± 215.52	534.15 ± 229.76	0.404
Homocysteine (μmol/L)	29.86 ± 8.40	28.10 ± 18.96	0.694
Ca × P (mmol^2/L^2)	4.79 ± 0.81	5.30 ± 1.72	0.217
C-reactive protein (mg/L)	4.92 ± 5.93	7.53 ± 10.59	0.325
Beta 2M (mg/L)	53.87 ± 14.23	38.76 ± 14.06	0.001
Albumin (g/L)	40.82 ± 2.68	38.25 ± 4.19	0.022
Urea (mmol/L)	19.84 ± 4.35	19.91 ± 5.93	0.964
Creatinine (μmol/L)	1083.14 ± 159.43	1144.95 ± 264.16	0.359
Triglycerides (mmol/L)	2.20 ± 0.93	2.27 ± 1.08	0.839
Cholesterol (mmol/L)	4.63 ± 1.16	5.48 ± 1.26	0.028
LDL (mmol/L)	2.70 ± 0.83	3.32 ± 1.07	0.045
HDL (mmol/L)	0.98 ± 0.17	1.13 ± 0.27	0.036
Homocysteine (μmol/L)	29.86 ± 8.40	28.10 ± 18.96	0.694
Ferritin (mmol/L)	281.42 ± 230.91	131.51 ± 126.45	0.014
Fe (mmol/L)	10.23 ± 3.73	13.82 ± 5.00	0.012
EPO_week (IU)	4920.63 ± 4031.34	5500.00 ± 4032.76	0.648
Hemoglobin (g/L)	110.41 ± 17.95	112.05 ± 11.26	0.728
CRD-311 TT (s)	41.96 ± 9.27	39.30 ± 5.09	0.261
CRD-311 MT (s)	0.49 ± 0.11	0.47 ± 0.08	0.369
CRD-324 TT (s)	83.41 ± 38.74	66.33 ± 19.24	0.083
CRD-324 MT (s)	0.65 ± 0.18	0.63 ± 0.15	0.629
CRD-21 TT (s)	86.31 ± 52.35	75.75 ± 35.90	0.455
CRD-21 MT (s)	1.39 ± 0.61	1.39 ± 0.41	0.982
CRD-11 TT (s)	201.22 ± 76.33	190.10 ± 53.51	0.591
CRD-11 MT (s)	3.14 ± 0.90	3.29 ± 0.89	0.600
SDMT score	29.04 ± 11.70	34.33 ± 14.90	0.088

Notes: X ± SD, arithmetic mean ± standard deviation; BMI, body mass index; Ca × P, calcium × phosphorus; beta 2M, beta2-microglobulin; LDL, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol; HDL, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol; EPO_week, weekly dosage of erythropoietin; TT, total time of test solving; MT, minimal time of item solving.

*Denotes p < 0.05.

Table 3. Correlations between psychological parameters and serum concentrations of albumin, creatinine, and calcium (Pearson’s test of correlation, two-tailed) among all subjects.

	Albumin		Creatinine		Calcium
	r	p	r	p	r	p
CRD-311 TT	−0.253	0.105	−0.388	0.011	−0.235	0.134
CRD-311 MT	−0.325	0.036	−0.329	0.033	−0.348	0.024
CRD-324 TT	−0.308	0.048	−0.352	0.022	−0.489	0.001
CRD-324 MT	−0.189	0.230	−0.272	0.082	−0.135	0.395
CRD-21 TT	−0.179	0.256	−0.170	0.281	−0.207	0.189
CRD-21 MT	−0.173	0.274	−0.075	0.637	−0.124	0.434
CRD-11 TT	−0.264	0.091	−0.368	0.016	−0.272	0.082
CRD-11 MT	−0.428	0.005	−0.382	0.013	−0.218	0.166

Notes: r, Pearson’s correlation coefficient; TT, total time of test solving; MT, minimal time of item solving.

*Denotes p < 0.05.

Table 4. Correlations between psychological parameters and serum concentrations of albumin, creatinine, and urea (Pearson’s test of correlation, two-tailed) in CAPD group.

	Albumin		Creatinine
	r	p	r	p
CRD-311 TT	−0.547	0.013	−0.460	0.041
CRD-311 MT	−0.510	0.022	−0.533	0.016
CRD-324 TT	−0.565	0.009	−0.591	0.006
CRD-324 MT	−0.126	0.597	−0.321	0.168
CRD-21 TT	−0.285	0.223	−0.277	0.237
CRD-21 MT	−0.219	0.353	−0.251	0.286
CRD-11 TT	−0.415	0.069	−0.522	0.018
CRD-11 MT	−0.498	0.026	−0.474	0.035

Notes: r, Pearson’s correlation coefficient; TT, total time of test solving; MT, minimal time of item solving.

*Denotes p < 0.05.

Table 5. Correlations between psychological parameters and serum concentrations of albumin, creatinine, and urea (Pearson’s test of correlation, two-tailed) in HD group.

	Creatinine		Albumin
	r	p	r	p
CRD-311 TT	−0.404	0.031	−0.269	0.113
CRD-311 MT	−0.139	0.269	−0.362	0.049
CRD-324 TT	−0.237	0.144	−0.491	0.012
CRD-324 MT	−0.225	0.157	−0.383	0.039
CRD-21 TT	−0.063	0.391	−0.232	0.149
CRD-21 MT	0.087	0.351	−0.187	0.202
CRD-11 TT	−0.262	0.120	−0.269	0.113
CRD-11 MT	−0.322	0.072	−0.355	0.052

Notes: r, Pearson’s correlation coefficient; TT, total time of test solving; MT, minimal time of item solving.

*Denotes p < 0.05.

Figure 1. Correlation between serum albumin concentration and convergent thinking test scores (CRD-11 MT) among all patients (r = –0.428, p = 0.002) depicted as plot of linear regression.

Figure 2. Correlation between ultrafiltration (UF) per HD and short-term memory actualization test score (CRD-324 MT) among HD patients (r = 0.434, p = 0.025) depicted as plot of linear regression.