Change in Cardiovascular Disease Status in Peritoneal Dialysis Patients: A 5-Year Single-Center Experience

Figures & data

Table 1. Patient characteristics associated with CVD status in patients with and without CVD.

Variables	No preexisting CVD (N = 144)			Preexisting CVD (N = 110)
	No CVD (N = 91)	CVD (N = 53)	p-Value	Stable (N = 70)	Worsening (N = 40)	p-Value
Age (r)	51.91 ± 14.96	51.60 ± 22.50	NS	58.94 ± 15.34	67.89 ± 67.89	0.06
Gender (M:F)	33:40	20:24	NS	37:51	19:30	NS
Diabetes (%)	7 (7.8)	15 (28.3)	0.04	8 (11.4)	11 (27.5)	0.05
BMI (kg/m^2)	21.36 ± 2.94	22.56 ± 3.22	NS	21.88 ± 21.88	21.10 ± 6.19	NS
Previous month on PD (month)	42.52 ± 14.34	43.67 ± 16.783	NS	45.76 ± 13.28	58.68 ± 13.74	0.007
D/P Cr	0.62 ± 0.17	0.69 ± 0.15	0.051	0.62 ± 0.13	0.67 ± 0.11	NS
CCr (L/week/1.73 m^2)	71.06 ± 23.96	57.24 ± 13.86	0.045	71.89 ± 20.45	63.74 ± 10.25	NS
Kt/Vurea	2.23 ± 0.57	1.82 ± 0.41	0.015	2.23 ± 0.52	2.16 ± 0.46	NS
PCR	1.04 ± 0.30	0.87 ± 0.22	0.029	0.95 ± 0.23	0.96 ± 0.24	NS
Systolic BP (mmHg)	137.69 ± 22.39	134.00 ± 27.27	NS	136.17 ± 24.11	146.76 ± 31.66	NS
Diastolic BP (mmHg)	83.77 ± 11.13	83.53 ± 18.07	NS	80.47 ± 16.76	84.41 ± 14.77	NS
Total cholesterol (mmol/L)	5.12 ± 2.52	5.39 ± 2.91	NS	5.18 ± 1.31	5.64 ± 1.36	NS
Triglycerides (mmol/L)	1.72 ± 0.84	1.61 ± 1.09	NS	1.43 ± 0.89	2.64 ± 1.58	0.001
Hemoglobin (g/L)	101.79 ± 22.39	93.73 ± 23.51	NS	103.88 ± 19.5	96.32 ± 19.28	NS
Hematocrit (%)	29.43 ± 7.39	30.12 ± 6.44	NS	31.38 ± 5.98	28.34 ± 6.02	NS
Albumin (g/L)	36.04 ± 6.40	30.86 ± 4.77	0.005	32.61 ± 7.22	30.60 ± 6.57	NS
Prealbumin (g/L)	319.39 ± 78.43	291.71 ± 69.58	NS	313.05 ± 104.20	270.76 ± 71.61	NS
C-reactive protein (mg/L)	6.16 (1.22, 11.90)	13.63 (2.40, 15.32)	NS	11.88 (2.20, 14.80)	14.44 (1.8, 15.68)	NS
Calcium (mmol/L)	2.25 ± 0.24	2.10 ± 0.26	0.05	2.09 ± 0.28	2.16 ± 0.39	NS
Phosphate (mmol/L)	1.61 ± 0.42	1.84 ± 0.67	NS	1.55 ± 0.49	1.76 ± 0.91	NS
Parathyroid hormone (pg/mL)	276.002 ± 164.74	295.44 ± 181.16	NS	227.09 ± 207.93	228.21 ± 192.18	NS

Table 2. Patient echocardiography and sonographic characterization associated with CVD status in patients with and without CVD.

Variables	No preexisting CVD (N = 144)			Preexisting CVD (N = 110)
	No CVD (N = 91)	CVD (N = 53)	p-Value	Stable (N = 70)	Worsening (N = 40)	p-Value
Ejection fraction (%)	63.28 ± 10.44	66.87 ± 5.065	NS	58.88 ± 2.01	55.76 ± 3.99	NS
LAD	37.92 ± 4.75	41.40 ± 3.34	NS	38.59 ± 5.28	44.34 ± 5.73	0.03
LVST (mm)	10.01 ± 1.67	10.17 ± 1.02	NS	9.99 ± 1.13	11.91 ± 11.91	0.02
LVMI (g/m^2)	149.44 ± 12.22	151.87 ± 40.86	NS	153.77 ± 43.55	165.99 ± 54.33	0.04
IMT (mm)	0.53 ± 0.18	0.62 ± 0.13	NS	0.67 ± 0.02	0.97 ±0.33	0.03
Carotid plaque (%)	34	41	NS	55	70	0.03

Table 3. Conventional and associated risk factors in patients with and without CVD.

	CVD (–) (N = 161)	CVD (+) (N = 93)	p-Value
Age (r)	54.66 ± 15.52	59.79 ± 20.71	NS
Gender (M:F)	70:91	39:54	NS
Diabetes (%)	16 (10)	30 (32.3)	0.002
BMI	21.54 ± 3.07	21.49 ± 5.50	NS
Previous month on PD (month)	39.79 (25.66–54.32)	55.09 (31.23–84)	0.05
D/P Cr	0.66 ± 0.12	0.64 ± 0.11	NS
CCr (L/week/1.73 m^2)	70.52 ± 13.44	60.22 ± 12.16	0.020
Kt/Vurea	2.22 ± 0.56	2.01 ± 0.46	0.047
PCR	1.01 ± 0.33	0.91 ± 0.23	NS
Systolic BP (mmHg)	136.96 ± 22.53	142.03 ± 29.86	NS
Diastolic BP (mmHg)	82.72 ± 13.45	84.78 ± 16.04	NS
Total cholesterol (mmol/L)	5.17 (4.55–6.2)	5.53 (4.54–6.56)	NS
Triglycerides (mmol/L)	1.18 (1.05–1.78)	1.81 (1.23–1.98)	0.015
Hemoglobin (g/L)	102.27 ± 21.05	95.26 ± 21.01	NS
Hematocrit (%)	30.19 ± 6.70	28.80 ± 6.04	NS
Albumin (g/L)	34.75 ± 6.79	30.67 ± 5.76	0.002
Prealbumin (g/L)	314.60 ± 88.35	277.46 ± 70.21	0.043
C-reactive protein (mg/L)	8.23 (1.02–8.98)	14.63 (6.57–15.33)	NS
Calcium (mmol/L)	2.21 ± 0.34	2.15 ± 0.65	NS
Phosphate (mmol/L)	1.53 ± 0.13	1.69 ± 0.43	NS
Parathyroid hormone (pg/mL)	249.83 (88.99–389.45)	255.11 (100.2–453.2)	NS
Peritonitis (patient month)	82	66	0.04

Table 4. Echocardiography and sonographic characterization in patients with and without CVD.

Characteristic	CVD (–) (N = 161)	CVD (+) (N = 93)	p-Value
Ejection fraction (%)	68.55 ± 7.81	59.67 ± 9.66	NS
LAD (mm)	38.02 ± 4.77	43.16 ± 4.93	0.002
LVST (mm)	10.01 ± 1.45	11.19 ± 2.05	0.029
LVMI (g/m^2)	150.28 (131.43–186.55)	192.03 (125.32–267.21)	0.014
IMT (mm)	0.65 (0.41–0.87)	0.80 (0.54–0.91)	0.05
Carotid plaque (%)	59.6	67.5	NS

Table 5. Multivariate analysis of risk factors associated with the presence of CVD.

Variables	Odds ratio	95% confidence interval	p-Value
Albumin (g/L)	0.829	0.757–0.908	0.000
Triglycerides (mmol/L)	1.588	1.066–2.365	0.023
Peritonitis (patient month)	0.339	0.139–0.828	0.018
IMT (mm)	4.099	2.000–4.312	0.042
Previous month on PD (month)	1.927	1.887–1.97	0.001

Figure 1. Kaplan–Meier curves of time to cumulative survival by CVD status: (A) albumin, (B) LVMI, (C) no history of CVD versus history of CVD, and (D) no peritonitis versus peritonitis.