Depression and Marital Dissatisfaction among Indian Hemodialysis Patients and Their Spouses: A Cross-Sectional Study

Figures & data

Table 1. Baseline and study parameters in maintenance hemodialysis patients.

Study parameter	Male (n = 32)	Female (n = 17)	p-Value
Age (years)	45 ± 11.4	41 ± 10.9	0.24
Hemoglobin (gm/dL)	9.3 ± 1.8	8.9 ± 1.9	0.50
Serum albumin (gm/dL)	3.7 ± 0.9	3.5 ± 1.1	0.49
Duration of illness (months)	39.3 ± 33.2	42.2 ± 39.4	0.79
Duration of dialysis (months)	14.4 ± 10.9	13.8 ± 10.3	0.48
BDI score	13.7 ± 10.8	22.0 ± 10.6	0.015*
QOL score	2.8 ± 1.0	2.5 ± 1.1	0.42
RDAS score (total)	25 ± 16.7	30 ± 18.9	0.35
RDAS consensus subscale	12.0 ± 8.9	14.9 ± 10.4	0.38
RDAS satisfaction subscale	7.3 ± 4.7	8.4 ± 5.6	0.48
RDAS cohesion subscale	8.9 ± 4.1	7.1 ± 4.2	0.71

Notes: *Significant at p < 0.05.

BDI, Beck Depression Inventory; QOL, quality of life; RDAS, Revised Dyadic Adjustment Scale.

Table 2. Comparison of study parameters with patients’ means of score for Beck Depression Inventory and Revised Dyadic Adjustment Scale study.

	Symptoms of depression			Marital strain
Study parameter	Absent, BDI score <15 (n = 21)	Present, BDI score ≥15 (n = 28)	p-Value	Absent, RDAS score <40 (n = 13)	Present, RDAS score ≥40 (n = 36)	p-Value
Age (years)	43.1 ± 11.3	44.0 ± 1.5	0.79	41.1 ± 11.6	44.6 ± 11.2	0.36
Duration of illness (months)	33.8 ± 31.5	45.1 ± 40.3	0.27	40.2 ± 32.4	40.3 ± 38.8	0.54
Hemoglobin (gm/dL)	9.4 ± 2.1	8.8 ± 1.5	0.26	9.0 ± 2.1	9.1 ± 1.7	0.92
Serum albumin (gm/dL)	3.8 ± 0.8	3.8 ± 0.9	0.93	3.5 ± 0.9	3.7 ± 0.8	0.48
BDI score	5.0 ± 0.30	25.2 ± 7.1	<0.0001*	9.4 ± 10.8	19.1 ± 10.6	0.01*
Spouse’s BDI	14.6 ± 10.0	11.6 ± 9.5	0.30	15.2 ± 10.0	12.0 ± 9.7	0.33
QOL score	3.4 ± 0.7	2.0 ± 0.9	<0.0001*	3.0 ± 0.9	2.5 ± 1.2	0.08
RDAS score	16.0 ± 12.5	39.2 ± 12.7	<0.0001*	17.4 ± 9.9	49.8 ± 6.1	<0.0001*
Spouse’s RDAS score	27.0 ± 17.1	34.1 ± 16.1	0.14	26.9 ± 15.0	32.6 ± 17.3	0.27
Kuppuswamy scale	27.0 ± 17.1	10.7 ± 5.4	0.06	14.0 ± 4.9	11.0 ± 4.8	0.72

Notes: *Significant at p < 0.05.

BDI, Beck Depression Inventory; QOL, quality of life; RDAS, Revised Dyadic Adjustment Scale.

Table 3. Baseline and study parameters in spouses of maintenance hemodialysis patients.

Study parameter	Male (n = 17)	Female (n = 32)	p-Value
Age (years)	42.3 ± 10.4	41.4 ± 12.8	0.42
Duration of marriage (years)	6.7 ± 3.5	9.3 ± 4.2	0.50
BDI score	13.6 ± 9.8	11.5 ± 10.0	0.50
QOL score	2.8 ± 1.1	2.7 ± 1.2	0.83
RDAS score (total)	28.6 ± 16.7	19.4 ± 13.6	0.04*
RDAS consensus subscale	14.2 ± 11.9	8.7 ± 6.2	0.03*
RDAS satisfaction subscale	9.3 ± 6.4	5.8 ± 4.3	0.03*
RDAS cohesion subscale	7.1 ± 4.1	5.0 ± 3.5	0.07

Notes: *Significant at p < 0.05.

BDI, Beck Depression Inventory; QOL, quality of life; RDAS, Revised Dyadic Adjustment Scale.

Table 4. Comparison of study parameters with spouses’ means of score for Beck Depression Inventory and Revised Dyadic Adjustment Scale.

	Symptoms of depression			Marital strain
Study parameter	Absent, BDI score <15 (n = 28)	Present, BDI score ≥15 (n = 21)	p-Value	Absent, RDAS score <40 (n = 32)	Present, RDAS score ≥40 (n = 17)	p-Value
Age (years)	42.7 ± 11.4	37.5 ± 10.6	0.10	40.8 ± 11.9	39.9 ± 10.4	0.77
Duration of marriage (months)	20.4 ± 10.9	17.1 ± 9.3	0.26	19.2 ± 11.1	18.6 ± 9.0	0.82
Duration of illness (months)	42.7 ± 41.1	37.0 ± 29.2	0.58	35.9 ± 28.6	48.5 ± 48.8	0.33
BDI score	5.5 ± 4.2	22.7 ± 5.2	<0.0001*	15.9 ± 9.5	7.2 ± 7.7	0.002*
Spouse’s BDI score	17.2 ± 12.9	15.7 ± 9.2	0.64	14.9 ± 11.1	19.7 ± 11.5	0.17
QOL score	3.3 ± 1.1	2.1 ± 0.86	<0.0001*	3.5 ± 0.9	2.3 ± 0.9	<0.0001*
RDAS score	18.6 ± 11.9	40.5 ± 13.5	<0.0001*	20.9 ± 10.5	50.2 ± 5.8	<0.0001*
Spouse’s RDAS score	24.0 ± 17.4	28.6 ± 16.6	0.35	28.7 ± 18.3	20.9 ± 13.4	0.09
Kuppuswamy scale	12.8 ± 5.4	10.4 ± 4.5	0.09	13.4 ± 3.7	14.5 ± 6.3	0.14

Notes: *Significant at p < 0.05.

BDI, Beck Depression Inventory; QOL, quality of life; RDAS, Revised Dyadic Adjustment Scale.

Table 5. Comparison of patients living in nuclear family with those living in joint family.

Study parameter	Nuclear family (n = 18)	Joint family (n = 31)	p-Value
Duration of marriage (years)	9.1 ± 3.8	10.9 ± 4.3	0.47
Duration of illness (months)	41.2 ± 38.2	40.4 ± 36.4	0.80
Duration of dialysis (months)	15.4 ± 11.2	13.6 ± 11.4	0.50
BDI score	20.4 ± 3.8	8.6 ± 7.5	<0.001*
QOL score	2.0 ± 0.9	3.2 ± 1.0	<0.001*
RDAS score (total)	37.1 ± 15.0	18.5 ± 12.7	0.001*
RDAS consensus subscale	18.4 ± 11.1	8.9 ± 8.7	0.002*
RDAS satisfaction subscale	11.5 ± 5.9	6.0 ± 5.0	0.001*
RDAS cohesion subscale	9.0 ± 3.9	4.9 ± 3.4	0.001*

Notes: *Significant at p < 0.05.

BDI, Beck Depression Inventory; QOL, quality of life; RDAS, Revised Dyadic Adjustment Scale.

Table 6. Pearson’s correlation coefficient between various factors between spouse and patient (paired t-test).

	Spouse RDAS	Spouse BDI
Patient BDI	0.623*	0.572*
Patient RDAS	0.760*	0.688*
Spouse BDI	0.885*	1
Spouse RDAS	1	0.885*
Spouse QOL	−0.574*	−0.563*

Notes: *Significant at p < 0.05.

BDI, Beck Depression Inventory; QOL, quality of life; RDAS, Revised Dyadic Adjustment Scale.