Relationship between Depression and Proinflammatory Cytokine Levels in Hemodialysis Patients

Figures & data

Table 1. Comparison of the inflammation markers and psychometric tests between HD patients and control subjects.

	Control group (n = 20)	HD group (n = 40)
Inflammation markers
Tumor necrosis factor-α (pg/mL)	53.05 ± 181.91 (0–800)	191.15 ± 294.66 (0–800)
Interleukin-1 (pg/mL)	41.25 ± 117.94 (0–500)	167.75 ± 210.98 (0–500)
Interleukin-6 (pg/mL)	29.00 ± 63.54 (0–200)	140.15 ± 82.74 (1–200)
Psychometric tests
BDI	4.5 (1–12)	8.0 (0–32)
HAM-D	3.0 (1–12)	6.0 (0–30)
HAM-A	1.0 (0–6)	4.0 (0–17)

Notes: *p < 0.05. HD, hemodialysis; BDI, Beck Depression Inventory; HAM-D, Hamilton Depression Rating Scale; HAM-A, Hamilton Anxiety Rating Scale.

Table 2. Comparison of the inflammation markers and psychometric tests in HD patients with and without depressive disorder.

		Depressive patients (n = 9)
	Nondepressives (n = 31)	Before treatment	After treatment
Inflammation parameters
Tumor necrosis factor-α (pg/mL)	214.94 ± 303.69 (0–800)	109.22 ± 260.15 (0–800)	56.56 ± 162.61 (0–490)
Interleukin-1 (pg/mL)	177.00 ± 222.79 (0–500)	135.89 ± 171.46 (0–500)	127.11 ± 216.27 (0–500)
Interleukin-6 (pg/mL)	139.09 ± 83.25 (2–200)	143.78 ± 85.84 (3–200)	54.63 ± 83.71 (3.5–200)
Psychometric tests
BDI	6.0 (0–16)*	19.5 (17–32)†	14.0 (10–24)
HAM-D	5.0 (0–9)*	14.5 (8–30)†	9.0 (7–32)
HAM-A	3.0 (0–8)*	9.5 (3–17)†	5.0 (1–10)

Notes: *p < 0.05 in patients without depressive disorder compared with those with depressive disorder, †p < 0.05 in depressive patients, evaluations before antidepressive treatment compared with evaluations after antidepressive treatment. HD, hemodialysis; BDI, Beck Depression Inventory; HAM-D, Hamilton Depression Rating Scale; HAM-A, Hamilton Anxiety Rating Scale.