High Prevalence of Risk Factors for Chronic Kidney Disease in Balkan Endemic Nephropathy Foci

Figures & data

Table 1. Data for the five groups formed according to the presence of risk factors for chronic kidney disease.

			Sex		Blood pressure
Persons with	Number	Age (years)	Male	Female	Systolic	Diastolic
BEN family history	319	48.9 ± 15.7^a	176^a	143^a	139 ± 24^a	83 ± 11^b
Hypertension	585	62.6 ± 12.4	202	383	148 ± 23	85 ± 11
Diabetes mellitus	146	63.1 ± 12.0	62	84	132 ± 21^a	81 ± 11^a
>60 years	604	70.3 ± 6.0^a	255	349	149 ± 23	85 ± 11
None of these risk factors	566	39.6 ± 12.2^a	340^a	222^a	126 ± 16^a	79 ± 9^a

Notes: Data presented as mean ± SD or number.

^ap < 0.05 compared with all other groups.

^bp < 0.05 compared with groups 2, 4, and 5.

Table 2. Frequency of urinary abnormalities detected by urine dipstick test in persons with different risk factors for chronic kidney disease.

Persons with	Proteinuria	Hematuria	Glycosuria
BEN family history	21 (6.6%)	21 (6.6%)	12 (3.8%)
Hypertension	36 (6.2%)	43 (7.4%)	26 (4.4%)
Diabetes mellitus	9 (6.2%)	5 (3.4%)	36 (23.3%)^b
>60 years	43 (7.1%)	45 (7.5%)	31 (5.1%)
None of these risk factors	19 (3.4%)^a	26 (4.6%)	4 (0.7%)

^ap < 0.05 compared with groups 1, 2, and 4.

^bp < 0.05 compared with all other groups.

Figure 1. Frequency of urinary abnormalities increases with increasing number of risk factors for chronic kidney disease.

Table 3. Factors associated with proteinuria and hematuria obtained using multivariate logistic regression analysis for all examined subjects.

	B	Sig.	Exp(B)	95.0% CI for Exp(B)
Proteinuria
BEN in brother/sister	1.27	0.053	3.57	0.98–12.9
Systolic blood pressure (mmHg)	0.013	0.041	1.01	1.01–1.03
Constant	−4.98	0.000	0.007
Hematuria
Sex	1.29	0.000	3.61	2.13–6.14
History of kidney disease	0.60	0.033	1.82	1.05–3.2
Constant	−4.92	0.000	0.007