Stabilization of Oxidative Stress 1 Year after Kidney Transplantation: Effect of Calcineurin Immunosuppressives

Figures & data

Table 1.  Characteristics of the study population.

Patients	70
Sex: M/F	46/24
Age of kidney recipients, years	54 ± 11
Immunosuppressive therapy, CyA/Tac	36/34
Hemodialysis/peritoneal dialysis	56/14
Dialysis period (months)	29 ± 38
Etiology of CRF
Chronic glomerulonephritis	38
Chronic tubulointerstitial nephritis	14
Polycystic kidney disease	5
Diabetic nephropathy	11
Vascular nephrosclerosis	1
Alport syndrome	1

Note: CRF, chronic renal failure; CyA, cyclosporine A; Tac, tacrolimus.

Table 2.  Markers of clinical chemistry and hematology of the renal transplant recipients.

Parameter	Day before transplantation	1 Year after transplantation	p
Chol (mmol/L)	4.80 (4.22–5.61)	5.13 (4.55–5.92)	0.056^b
TAG (mmol/L)	2.13 (1.21–3.52)	1.81 (1.30–2.50)	0.041^a
HDL (mmol/L)	1.19 (0.91–1.56)	1.43 (1.08–1.88)	<0.001^a
LDL (mmol/L)	2.52 (1.82–3.09)	2.73 (2.31–3.31)	0.017^b
ApoA1 (mmol/L)	1.32 (1.17–1.58)	1.50 (1.31–1.77)	0.020^a
ApoB (mmol/L)	0.82 (0.68–0.94)	0.85 (0.78–1.05)	0.071^a
Urea (mmol/L)	16.0 (9.4–20.7)	8.4 (6.4–10.6)	<0.001^a
Creatinine (mmol/L)	635.0 (482.5–761.0)	124.0 (101.0–143.5)	<0.001^a
Calcium (mmol/L)	2.30 (2.18–2.44)	2.37 (2.29–2.46)	0.012^a
Phosphate (mmol/L)	1.72 (1.37–2.12)	1.07 (0.89–1.22)	<0.001^b
Total protein (g/L)	72.6 (68.0–77.6)	70.3 (64.7–73.6)	<0.001^b
Albumin (g/L)	45.0 (42.0–48.0)	45.0 (42.1–47.8)	0.774^a
Glomerular filtration rate (mL/s)	0.140 (0.110–0.183)	0.890 (0.668–1.085)	<0.001^a
Uric acid (mmol/L)	307.0 (210.0–366.0)	368.0 (296.0–421.0)	<0.005^a
C-reactive protein (mg/L)	3.00 (1.00–6.75)	1.40 (1.00–4.10)	0.181^a
Hb (g/L)	116.0 (108.0–122.5)	139.5 (121.3–149.8)	<0.001^b
Hematocrit	0.340 (0.310–0.378)	0.410 (0.370–0.440)	<0.001^a
Erythrocytes (10^12/L)	3.61 (3.40–3.95)	4.57 (4.21–5.01)	<0.001^a

Notes: Data are expressed as median (25 and 75 percentiles). Chol, total cholesterol; TAG, triacylglycerol; HDL, high-density lipoprotein; LDL, low-density lipoprotein; ApoA1, apolipoprotein A1; ApoB, apolipoprotein B; Hb, hemoglobin.

^aWilcoxon signed-rank test.

^bPaired t-test.

Table 3.  Oxidative stress characteristics of the renal transplant recipients.

Parameter	Day before transplantation	1 Year after transplantation	p
AOPPs (mmol/L)	174 (121–296)	141 (111–174)	0.002^a
oxLDL (mmol/L)	55.0 (40.1–77.3)	63.4 (52.7–76.9)	0.160^a
TAC (mmol/L)	1.87 (1.74–2.00)	1.70 (1.54–1.85)	0.001^a
MDA (mmol/g)	0.441 (0.370–0.511)	0.362 (0.285–0.443)	0.0001^a
GSH (mmol/g)	7.76 (5.62–9.90)	11.31 (9.33–12.98)	<0.0001^a
SOD (U/g)	2.57 (2.06–3.15)	2.19 (1.22–2.87)	0.0001^b
CAT (U/g)	75.7 (55.6–88.1)	80.3 (65.5–100.9)	0.0004^a
GPX (U/g)	30.3 (19.7–40.1)	26.7 (18.2–40.1)	0.096^a

Notes: Data are expressed as median (25th and 75th percentiles). AOPPs, advanced oxidation protein products; oxLDL, oxidized LDL; TAC, total antioxidant capacity; MDA, malondialdehyde; GSH, glutathione; GPX, glutathione peroxidase; SOD, superoxide dismutase; CAT, catalase.

^aWilcoxon signed-rank test.

^bPaired t-test.

Figure 1.  Modulation of selected biochemical and hematological parameters in patients, 1 year after KT. The data are expressed as median, the first quartile, and the third quartile of percentage of changes in parameters at day 360 and at day 0.

Figure 2.  Modulation of select parameters of antioxidant status and OS in patients 1 year after KT. The results are expressed as median, the first quartile, and the third quartile of percentage of changes in parameters at day 360 and at day 0.

Table 4.  Markers of clinical chemistry and hematology of the renal transplant recipients treated with CyA and Tac.

	Day before transplantation			1 Year after transplantation
Parameter	CyA	Tac	p	CyA	Tac	p
Chol (mmol/L)	4.94 (3.96–5.70)	4.70 (4.33–5.33)	0.605^a	5.42 (4.58–6.18)	5.05 (4.52–5.66)	0.176^b
TAG (mmol/L)	2.29 (1.37–3.73)	1.99 (0.92–3.04)	0.165^a	1.81 (1.34–2.62)	1.83 (1.23–2.12)	0.418^a
HDL (mmol/L)	1.22 (0.90–1.51)	1.19 (0.91–1.64)	0.995^a	1.49 (1.00–2.01)	1.39 (1.13–1.72)	0.705^a
LDL (mmol/L)	2.39 (1.79–3.22)	2.52 (1.90–3.05)	0.625^b	2.86 (2.31–3.56)	2.63 (2.29–3.20)	0.332^b
ApoA1 (mmol/L)	1.34 (1.15–1.53)	1.34 (1.18–1.74)	0.508^a	1.49 (1.26–1.95)	1.51 (1.33–1.67)	0.741^b
ApoB (mmol/L)	0.815 (0.693–0.978)	0.820 (0.660–0.915)	0.339^b	0.860 (0.750–1.058)	0.840 (0.770–0.995)	0.632^a
Urea (mmol/L)	16.40 (9.78–20.75)	15.60 (9.05–20.75)	0.698^b	8.00 (6.33–10.03)	9.10 (6.45–12.40)	0.424^a
Creatinine (mmol/L)	564.0 (466.5–718.3)	667.0 (518.0–794.5)	0.167^b	115.0 (99.3–142.3)	132.0 (109.0–179.5)	0.142^a
Calcium (mmol/L)	2.31 (2.15–2.43)	2.28 (2.19–2.48)	0.908^b	2.41 (2.31–2.46)	2.39 (2.29–2.50)	0.848^a
Phosphate (mmol/L)	1.73 (1.44–2.06)	1.77 (1.36–2.14)	0.834^a	1.11(0.91–1.24)	1.06 (0.87–1.18)	0.243^b
Total protein (g/L)	71.9 (66.9–78.0)	73.7 (69.2–77.1)	0.647^b	71.00 (67.30–75.00)	68.55 (64.13–73.33)	0.249^b
Albumin (g/L)	43.0 (41.0–48.0)	45.0 (42.5–49.0)	0.477^b	44.70 (42.00–47.00)	45.50 (42.33–48.10)	0.391^a
Glomerular filtration rate (mL/s)	0.140 (0.110–0.190)	0.140 (0.110–0.185)	0.893^a	0.920 (0.753–1.095)	0.835 (0.560–1.055)	0.308^b
Uric acid (mmol/L)	313.0 (233.0–388.5)	290.0 (206.5–349.3)	0.154^a	357.0 (266.0–453.0)	380.0 (329.5–428.5)	0.375^b
C-reactive protein (mg/L)	3.00 (1.00–6.00)	3.00 (1.00–7.25)	0.962^a	2.00 (1.00–4.00)	1.05 (1.00–6.65)	0.882^a
Hb (g/L)	115.0 (101.0–125.3)	116.5 (112.3–122.5)	0.328^b	139.0 (121.0–151.0)	140.0 (121.5–148.5)	0.800^b
Hematocrit	0.335 (0.300–0.378)	0.345 (0.320–0.373)	0.194^a	0.420 (0.360–0.450)	0.410 (0.370–0.435)	0.734^b
Erythrocytes (10^12/L)	3.51 (3.08–3.95)	3.68 (3.46–3.96)	0.168^b	4.56 (4.22–5.03)	4.61 (4.18–4.99)	0.865^b

Notes: Data are expressed as median (25 and 75 percentiles). Chol, total cholesterol; TAG, triacylglycerol; HDL, high-density lipoprotein; LDL, low-density lipoprotein; ApoA1, apolipoprotein A1; ApoB, apolipoprotein B; CyA, cyclosporine A; Tac, tacrolimus; Hb, hemoglobin.

^aMann–Whitney U-test.

^bStudent’s t-test.

Table 5.  OS characteristics of the renal transplant recipients treated with CyA and Tac.

	Day before transplantation			1 Year after transplantation
Parameter	CyA	Tac	p	CyA	Tac	p
AOPPs (mmol/L)	195.5 (112.7–388.2)	174.7 (126.8–278.9)	0.543^a	154.2 (117.0–192.4)	137.3 (113.9–168.5)	0.200^a
oxLDL (mmol/L)	56.9 (45.6–79.9)	50.9 (36.2–66.5)	0.107^a	66.8 (53.3–77.8)	60.8 (50.1–75.7)	0.338^b
TAC (mmol/L)	1.89 (1.74–2.00)	1.84 (1.76–2.00)	0.624^a	1.72 (1.52–1.86)	1.66 (1.48–1.85)	0.968^b
MDA (mmol/g)	0.453 (0.365–0.518)	0.431 (0.370–0.494)	0.647^a	0.336 (0.268–0.472)	0.378 (0.307–0.435)	0.299^a
GSH (mmol/g)	7.84 (5.14–10.14)	7.85 (5.84–9.79)	0.778^a	10.74 (8.80–12.36)	11.98 (9.72–13.99)	0.347^b
SOD (U/g)	2.59 (1.91–3.17)	2.58 (2.18–3.12)	0.766^b	1.81 (0.89–2.59)	2.55 (1.45–3.05)	0.060^b
CAT (U/g)	78.6 (55.2–98.5)	70.1 (56.3–85.5)	0.565^a	89.4 (66.6–119.1)	71.5 (64.5–87.3)	0.135^a
GPX (U/g)	29.6 (21.1–39.7)	32.5 (18.3–41.6)	0.916^a	25.1 (17.8–39.4)	28.0 (18.7–43.2)	0.462^a

Notes: Data are expressed as median (25th and 75th percentiles). AOPPs, advanced oxidation protein products; oxLDL, oxidized LDL; TAC, total antioxidant capacity; OS, oxidative stress; CyA, cyclosporine A; Tac, tacrolimus; MDA, malondialdehyde; GSH, glutathione; GPX, glutathione peroxidase; SOD, superoxide dismutase; CAT, catalase.

^aMann–Whitney U-test.

^bStudent’s t-test.