The Protective Effect of Ebselen on Radiocontrast-Induced Nephrotoxicity

Figures & data

Figure 1.  Experimental model of the study.

Table 1.  Observation data of the weight change in rats before and after experiment.

	Before experiment	After experiment
	Weight (g)	Weight (g)
Control	229 ± 48.6	213 ± 46.8
Ebselen	207 ± 17.3	188 ± 18.3
Radiocontrast	166 ± 32.2*	153 ± 31.0
Ebselen + radiocontrast	201 ± 30.6	184 ± 29.1

Note: *p < 0.01, radiocontrast group versus control group.

Table 2.  BUN and Cr levels.

	BUN	Cr
I—Control	23 ± 1.85	0.43 ± 0.10
II—Ebselen	21 ± 2.99	0.41 ± 0.03
III—Radiocontrast	29 ± 2.21	0.40 ± 0.00
IV—Ebselen + radiocontrast	23 ± 3.07	0.41 ± 0.43

Notes: BUN, blood urea nitrogen; Cr, serum creatinine.

*p < 0.01, Group 1 versus 3, Group 2 versus Group 3, and Group 3 versus Group 4.

Table 3.  MDA, SOD, CAT, and GSH-Px values in the kidney of the four groups of rats (n = 7 for each group).

	MDA (nmol/g tissue)	SOD (U/g protein)	CAT (k/g protein)	GSH-Px (U/g protein)
I—Control	1.56 ± 0.60	0.32 ± 0.06**	0.40 ± 0.15***	1.83 ± 0.15
II—Ebselen	1.03 ± 0.60****	0.28 ± 0.06****	0.49 ± 0.04*****	2.07 ± 0.15*****
III—Radiocontrast	1.72 ± 0.61	0.21 ± 0.02	0.46 ± 0.07	1.85 ± 0.32
IV—Ebselen + radiocontrast	1.12 ± 0.36******	0.25 ± 0.03	0.15 ± 0.02******	1.80 ± 0.17

Notes: The mean difference is significant at 0.05 level. The values are expressed as means ± SD. MDA, malondialdehyde; SOD, superoxide dismutase; CAT, catalase; GSH-Px, glutathione peroxidase.

*p < 0.05 versus Group 2, **p < 0.05 versus Groups 3 and 4, ***p < 0.05 versus Group 4, ****p < 0.05 versus Group 3, *****p < 0.05 versus Group 4; and ******p < 0.05 versus Group 3.

Table 4.  Histopathological changes with grade.

Grade	Histopathological changes
Grade 0	No pathological changes
Grade I	Mild, preserved brush borders, no evidence of necrosis
Grade II	Moderate, loss of brush borders, no evidence of necrosis
Grade III	Severe, loss of brush borders with tubular necrosis
Between-groups comparisons (p-values)
p < (I vs. II)	0.001
p < (I vs. III)	0.011
p < (II vs. III)	0.004
p < (I vs. IV)	ns
p < (II vs. IV)	0.001
p < (III vs. IV)	0.028

Note: ns, nonsignificant.

Figure 2.  Control group with mild edema (e) and dilatation (d) (HEX100).

Figure 3.  Preserved architecture in the ebselen group (HEX200).

Figure 4.  The extensive degeneration through the cortex of renal paranchyma in the radiocontrast-treated group (HEX40).

Figure 5.  Degenerative changes with edema (e), vacuolization (v), tubular dilatation (d), loss of brush borders (bb), and necrosis (n) in the radiocontrast group (HEX200).

Figure 6.  Improved renal morphology by ebselen (HEX100).

Figure 7.  Scanty congestion (c) and lymphositic infiltration (li) in renal paranchyma (HEX100).

Figure 8.  The frequency of tubular lesions.