Zinc-α2-Glycoprotein: Is There Association between This New Adipokine and Body Composition in Hemodialysis Patients?

Figures & data

Table 1. Clinical and anthropometric characteristics of HD patients and healthy subjects.

	HD patients		Healthy subjects
	Male (N = 29)	Female	Male	Female
Sample size (n)	28	21	9	11
Age (years)	53.7 ± 12.6	52.7 ± 12.7	55.5 ± 15.6	45.6 ± 13.6
BMI (kg/m^2)	24.7 ± 4.3^a	23.0 ± 4.2	27.7 ± 2.6	23.9 ± 4.3
WC (cm)	97.3 ± 13.5	82.0 ± 11.7	98.7 ± 8.9	80.2 ± 9.2
MMC (cm)	24.5 ± 3.4	21.9 ± 2.4	26.9 ± 0.8	23.3 ± 1.7
FFM (kg)	55.0 ± 8.1	37.6 ± 4.4^a	56.3 ± 4.9	42.5 ± 5.4
Sum of skinfolds (mm)	49 (38)	49 (37)	57.2 ± 23.9	56.9 ± 24.0
Body fat (%)	24.5 ± 6.9	32.3 ± 6.3	27.5 ± 5.6	31.0 ± 5.7
Fat mass (kg)	15.6 (16.8)	16.4 (9.8)	21.8 ± 6.5	18.6 ± 15.3
FM/FFM ratio	0.33 ± 0.12	0.49 ± 0.14	0.38 ± 0.10	0.43 ± 0.10

Abbreviations: BMI, body mass index; WC, waist circumference; MMC, midarm muscle circumference; FM, fat mass; FFM, fat-free mass.

Notes: ^ap < 0.05 between hemodialysis patients and healthy subjects.

Figure 1. Plasma ZAG levels in hemodialysis patients and healthy subjects (p <0.0001).

Table 2. Plasma ZAG levels in hemodialysis patients according to various clinical conditions.

	ZAG (mg/L)
	Yes	No	p-Value
Gender (male)	135.6 ± 40.4	136.0 ± 43.2	0.969
Diabetes	115.7 ± 55.0	138.5 ± 38.9	0.207
BMI >25 kg/m^2	121.1 ± 40.6	140.6 ± 42.5	0.118
Central obesity	122.1 ± 43.2	146.5 ± 39.3	0.050
High body fat mass	119.9 ± 38.9	149.6 ± 41.5	0.015
Reduced MMC	140.3 ± 41.1	128.9 ± 43.2	0.243

Abbreviations: ZAG, zinc-α2-glycoprotein; BMI, body mass index; MMC, midarm muscle circumference

Notes: Central obesity, waist circumference ≥94 cm for men and ≥80 cm for women;²⁵ High body fat mass, % body fat ≥25% for men and ≥32% for women.²⁷ The bold values indicate statistically significance at p < 0.05.

Table 3. Univariate correlations with plasma ZAG levels in hemodialysis patients.

Parameters	r	p
Age (years)	0.08	0.580
BMI (kg/m^2)	−0.24	0.092
Sum of skinfolds (mm)	−0.47	0.001
Body fat (%)	−0.36	0.010
Fat mass (kg)	−0.39	0.008
MMC (cm)	−0.08	0.587
FFM (kg)	0.01	0.932
FM/FFM ratio	−0.35	0.010
WC (cm)	−0.25	0.098
hs-CRP	−0.22	0.113
Energy intake (kcal/day)	0.00	0.963
Energy intake (kcal/kg/day)	−0.07	0.623
Protein intake (g/day)	0.16	0.263
Protein intake (g/kg/day)	0.21	0.151
Carbohydrate intake (%)	−0.06	0.658
Lipid intake (%)	−0.03	0.834
Time on dialysis (months)	0.06	0.674
spKt/V	0.02	0.919

Abbreviations: BMI, body mass index; MMC, muscle midarm circumference; FM, fat mass; FFM, fat-free mass; WC, waist circumference; hs-CRP, high-sensitivity C-reactive protein; _spKt/V, urea clearance. The bold values indicate statistically significance at p < 0.05.

Lohman TG, Roche AF, Martorell R. Anthropometric Standardization Reference Manual. Champaign: Abridged; 1991.

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