Correlation between Asymptomatic Leukocyturia and Urinary N-Acetyl-β-d-glucosaminidase in Women

Figures & data

Table 1. Baseline characteristics of study subjects with and without ASL.

	ASL^−(n = 49)	ASL^+ (n = 56)	p
Age (years)	68.4 ± 9.1	66.9 ± 11.7	0.425
BMI (kg/m^2)	25.1 ± 4.0	25.7 ± 6.5	0.571
Systolic blood pressure (mmHg)	135.5 ± 13.5	131.5 ± 12.4	0.139
Diastolic blood pressure (mmHg)	79.2 ± 8.0	77.6 ± 9.1	0.384
CRP (mg/dL)	0.21 ± 0.28	0.24 ± 0.35	0.723
White blood cells (/mm^3)	5902 ± 1607	6135 ± 1456	0.446
TC (mg/dL)	205.8 ± 37.1	200.3 ± 30.1	0.415
HDL-C (mg/dL)	69.5 ± 43.1	57.6 ± 14.1	0.097
TG (mg/dL)	117.9 ± 65.2	120.9 ± 58.7	0.812
Creatinine (mg/dL)	0.78 ± 0.19	0.77 ± 0.22	0.802
eGFR (mL/min/1.73 m^2)	59.6 ± 16.4	62.8 ± 24.0	0.44
Residual urine volume (mL)	18.7 ± 49.9	48.1 ± 62.5	0.014
NAG index (U/g Cr)	7.3 ± 4.0	10.7 ± 6.5	0.002
AI (mg/g Cr)	57.5 ± 138.4	109.2 ± 187.5	0.132
DM	22 (44.9%)	44 (78.6%)	0.001
HT	24 (49.0%)	40 (71.4%)	0.109
DL	27 (55.1%)	36 (64.3%)	0.834

Notes: Data are expressed as means ± SD. AI, albumin index; ASL, asymptomatic leukocyturia; ASL⁻, subjects without ASL at baseline; ASL⁺ , subjects with ASL at baseline; BMI, body mass index; CRP, C-reactive protein; DL, dyslipedima; DM, diabetes mellitus; eGFR, estimated glomerular filtration rate; HDL-C, high density lipoprotein cholesterol; HT, hypertension; NAG, N-acetyl-β-d-glucosaminidase; TC, Total cholesterol; TG, triglyceride.

Figure 1. Correlation between logarithmic transformation of u-WBC counts and logarithmic transformation of the NAG index at baseline. u-WBC, urinary white blood cells; NAG, N-acetyl-β-d-glucosaminidase.

Table 2. Longitudinal changes of NAG index and other parameters at baseline and after 10 years in the subject group without ASL at baseline.

	ASL^−/ASL^− (n = 34)			ASL^−/ASL^+ (n = 15)
Variables	Baseline	After 10 yrs	p	Baseline	After 10 yrs	p
TC (mg/dL)	205.7 ± 33.2	191.6 ± 29.6	0.164	206.0 ± 45.2	199.5 ± 40.4	0.767
HDL-C (mg/dL)	75.8 ± 53.0	61.5 ± 13.8	1.000	58.5 ± 9.5	62.8 ± 13.7	0.499
TG (mg/dL)	113.7 ± 68.0	121.0 ± 74.3	0.961	126.4 ± 60.6	107.8 ± 30.1	0.646
Creatinine (mg/dL)	0.78 ± 0.20	0.80 ± 0.35	0.484	0.80 ± 0.15	0.78 ± 0.28	0.721
U-WBC	11.5 ± 32.4	10.1 ± 12.2	0.586	11.2 ± 10.7	535.6 ± 1804.0	0.017
NAG index (U/g Cr)	6.4 ± 3.0	9.8 ± 5.5	0.004	9.4 ± 5.2	11.5 ± 6.4	0.328
AI (mg/g Cr)	63.0 ± 164.7	40.8 ± 60.4	0.647	45.9 ± 51.4	28.8 ± 33.1	0.722
DM (%)	35.2			66.7

Notes: Data are expressed as means ± SD.

*p < 0.05; ASL⁻/ASL⁻ versus ASL⁻/ASL⁺. AI, albumin index; ASL⁻/ASL⁻, subjects without ASL during the observation period; ASL⁻/ASL⁺, subjects with ASL during the observation period; ASL, asymptomatic leukocyturia; DM, diabetes mellitus; TC, total cholesterol; HDL-C, high density lipoprotein cholesterol; U-WBC, urinary white blood cell counts; NAG, N-acetyl-β-d-glucosaminidase.

Table 3. Odds ratio between developing ASL after 10 years and NAG index.

	Odds ratio (95% CI)	p
Model I	1.219 (1.017–1.461)	0.032
Model II	1.254 (1.009–1.560)	0.042
Model III	1.455 (1.055–2.008)	0.022
Model IV	1.824 (1.104–3.018)	0.019
Model V	1.904 (1.124–3.225)	0.017
Model VI	1.808 (1.020–3.205)	0.043

Notes: Model I, not adjusted; Model II, adjusted for age; Model III, adjusted for age, diabetes mellitus (DM), hypertension (HT), and dyslipidemia (DL); Model IV, adjusted for age, DM, HT, DL, body mass index (BMI), and creatinine (Cr); Model V, adjusted for age, DM, HT, DL, BMI, Cr, and albumin index (AI); Model VI, adjusted for age, DM, HT, DL, BMI, Cr, AI, and urinary white blood cell counts. CI, confidence interval.