Protective Effect of SnCl₂ on K₂Cr₂O₇-Induced Toxicity in LLC-PK1 Cells

Figures & data

Figure 1.  Effect of stannous chloride (SnCl₂) on potassium dichromate (K₂Cr₂O₇)-induced toxicity and on HO activity in LLC-PK1 cells. K₂Cr₂O₇ (30 μM), SnCl₂ (200 μM), and stannous protoporphyrin (SnPP, 40 μM) were added for 24 h as indicated above. At the end of this period, viability or HO activity were measured. Data are expressed as mean ± SE, n = 9. ^ap < 0.001 versus control, ^bp < 0.001 versus K₂Cr₂O₇, ^cp < 0.001 versus K₂Cr₂O₇ + SnCl₂.

Figure 2.  Effect of stannous chloride (SnCl₂) on potassium dichromate (K₂Cr₂O₇)-induced toxicity on LLC-PK1 cells. The cells were incubated without or with treatment for 24 h at the end of which light microscopy micrographs were taken (200×). (A) Control cells; (B) K₂Cr₂O₇ (30 μM)-treated cells; (C) SnCl₂ (200 μM)-treated cells; (D) K₂Cr₂O₇- and SnCl₂-treated cells.

Figure 3.  Comparative effect of stannous chloride (SnCl₂, 200 μM), N-acetyl cysteine (NAC, 10 μM), and glutathione (GSH, 20 μM) on potassium dichromate (K₂Cr₂O₇, 30 μM) induced changes on (A) cell viability, (A) peroxynitrite production, (A) reduced thiol content, (A) intracellular content of Cr(VI), (B) extracellular concentration of Cr(VI) in culture medium and (B) concentration of Cr(VI) in culture medium not exposed to cells. Data are expressed as mean ± SE, n = 9. ^ap < 0.001 versus control, ^bp < 0.001 versus K₂Cr₂O₇.

Figure 4.  Comparative effect of stannous chloride (SnCl₂, 200 μM), N-acetyl cysteine (NAC, 10 μM), and glutathione (GSH, 20 μM) on potassium dichromate (K₂Cr₂O₇, 30 μM) induced changes on (A) superoxide (O₂^•−) production, (A) hydrogen peroxide (H₂O₂) production, (A) hydroxyl radical (OH^•) production, (B) extracellular hydrogen peroxide (H₂O₂) production, and (B) hydrogen peroxide (H₂O₂) production in culture medium not exposed to cells. Data are expressed as mean ± SE, n = 9. ^ap < 0.001 versus control, ^bp < 0.001 versus K₂Cr₂O₇.

Figure 5.  Scavenging activity of SnCl₂. •, superoxide; ▪, hydrogen peroxide; ▴, hydroxyl; ▾, peroxynitrite. Data are expressed as mean ± SE, n = 9. ^ap < 0.001 versus 0.