The Influence of Music Therapy on Perceived Stressors and Anxiety Levels of Hemodialysis Patients

Figures & data

Table 1.  Comparison of individual characteristics of experimental and control groups.

	Experiment (n = 50)		Control (n = 50)
Variables	Number	%	Number	%	p and X^2
Age
19–32	4	8	3	6	p = 0.86
33–40	12	24	18	36	X^2 = 0.57
40 and above	34	68	29	58
Gender
Female	24	48	23	46	p = 0.18
Male	26	52	27	54	X^2 = 3.30
Marital status
Married	40	80	38	76	p = 0.35
Single	10	20	12	24	X^2 = 1.76
Education
Literate	12	24	10	20	p = 0.18
Primary school	26	52	26	52	X^2 = 2.32
High school and above	12	24	14	28
Economical status
Input and expenses are equal	30	60	34	68	p = 0.54
Input is less than expenses	20	40	16	32	X^2 = 0.37
Place of residence
City	36	72	40	80	p = 0.41
Town	14	28	10	20	X^2 = 1.74
Dialysis duration
6–18 months	4	8	7	14	p = 0.87
19–31 months	14	28	15	30	X^2 = 0.56
32 months and above	32	64	28	56

Table 2.  Between- and within-group comparisons of pretest–posttest perceived stressor scores of experimental and control group patients.

	Pretest	Posttest
Subscales and total score averages	X ± SD	X ± SD	t	p
Psychosocial
Experimental group	81.8 ± 8.1	74.4 ± 7.4	36.4	0.00
Control group	81.1 ± 11.3	82.3 ± 10.4	0.21	0.09
t	5.34	1.73
p	0.090	0.000
Physiological
Experimental group	23.7 ±3.5	20.0 ± 2.1	9.32	0.00
Control group	23.1 ± 3.1	23.7 ± 2.9	0.00	1.00
t	3.81	−2.12
p	0.864	0.000
Total
Experimental group	105.0 ± 10.6	92.5 ± 8.5	8.11	0.00
Control group	103.3 ±14.1	105.9 ± 13.7	−34.9	0.00
t	5.01	−3.61
p	0.06	0.00

Table 3.  Between- and within-group comparisons of pretest–posttest anxiety scores of experimental and control group patients.

	Pretest	Posttest
	X ± SD	X ± SD	t	p
State
Experimental group	54.6 ± 6.6	50.2 ± 6.1	22.4	0.00
Control group	53.2 ± 3.7	52.4 ± 3.7	0.26	0.80
t	6.8	5.7
p	0.058	0.000
Trait
Experimental group	50.1 ± 9.0	35.7 ± 2.9	10.25	0.00
Control group	51.2 ± 3.7	50.4 ± 3.7	2.21	0.03
t	3.44	−14.22
p	0.93	0.00