Circulating Levels of Renalase, Norepinephrine, and Dopamine in Dialysis Patients

Figures & data

Figure 1. Correlation between dopamine (DA) and renalase in HD group (r = 0.28712, p = 0.0098).

Figure 2. Correlation between residual renal function and dopamine (DA) concentration (r = −0.2035, p = 0.04227).

Figure 3. Correlation between renalase and the duration of dialysis (r = 0.3175, p = 0.002).

Figure 4. Renalase concentration in regard to residual renal function.

Table 1. Main characteristic of the study cohort.

	Whole group (N = 101)	HD group (N = 75)	PD group (N = 26)	p
Sex (men%)	N = 48 (47.5%)	N = 34 (45.3%)	N = 14 (53.8%)	>0.05
Age (years)	61.9 ± 15.93	64.43 ± 15.1	54.61 ± 16.4	0.0067
BMI (kg/m^2)	27.4 ± 5.8	27.01 ± 5.1	28.64 ± 7.2	>0.05
MAP (mmHg)	98.33 ± 13.25	95.75 ± 12.72	105.47 ± 12.23	0.001
HR (beats/min)	75.5 ± 11.9	78.33 ± 12.7	71.58 ± 9.6	0.03
Abnormal BP control (>140/90 mmHg)	N = 45 (44.5%)	N = 30 (40%)	N = 15 (57.7%)	>0.05
Presence of residual dieresis	N = 58 (57.4%)	N = 41 (54.6%)	N = 17 (65.3%)	>0.05
Duration of dialysis (months)	Me = 27.8 (0.2–227.1)	Me = 32.0 (2.5–277.1)	Me = 18.77 (0.2–103)	>0.05
Presence of diabetes	N = 32 (32%)	N = 28 (37.3%)	N = 4 (15.4%)	0.034
Hemoglobin (g/dL)	11.03 ± 1.4	11.02 ± 1.5	11.05 ± 1.3	>0.05
Platelet count (10^9/L)	194.6 ± 58.6	199.1 ± 58.4	214 ± 55.9	>0.05
Potassium (mmol/L)	Me = 4.78 (2.96–7.8)	Me = 4.91 (2.96–7.9)	Me = 4.5 (3.5–5.7)	0.001
Calcium (mmol/L)	2.21 ± 0.3	2.18 ± 0.3	2.31 ± 0.2	0.027
Cholesterol (mg/dL)	Me = 177 (92–353)	Me = 175 (92–264)	Me = 189 (97–353)	>0.05
Triglicerydes (mg/dL)	Me = 127 (39–520)	Me = 123 (39–520)	Me = 140 (44–494)	>0.05
HDL (mg/dL)	Me = 40 (20–76)	Me = 39 (20–76)	Me = 45 (24–69)	>0.05
LDL (mg/dL)	Me = 111 (31–258)	Me = 103 (42–194)	Me = 118 (31–258)	>0.05
ACE-Inhibitors	N = 51 (50.5%)	N = 33 (44%)	N = 18 (69.2%)	0.0266
ARB	N = 5 (5.1%)	N = 2 (2.6%)	N = 3 (11.5%)	0.0479
Calcium-blockers	N = 66 (65.3%)	N = 47 (62.6%)	N = 19 (73.1%)	>0.05
Beta-blockers	N = 71 (71%)	N = 48 (64%)	N = 23 (88.5%)	>0.0226
Diuretics	N = 28 (28.6%)	N = 14 (18.6%)	N = 14 (53.8%)	0.0001
Echo—LV (cm)	5.09 ± 0.7	4.99 ± 0.6	5.41 ± 0.8	0.0223
Echo—LVPW (cm)	1.2 (0.8;1.5)	1.2 (0.9; 1.5)	1.1 (0.8;1.5)	>0.05
Echo—LA (cm)	4.2 ± 0.5	4.21 ± 0.5	4.23 ± 0.5	>0.05
Echo—A (cm)	3.39 ± 0.4	3.37 ± 0.4	3.43 ± 0.4	>0.05
Echo—IVS (cm)	1.3 (0.8;1.8)	1.3 (0.8;1.8)	1.2 (0.9;1.5)	>0.05
Echo—RV (cm)	3.0 (1.5;3.7)	3 (1.5;3.7)	2.8 (1.5;3.7)	>0.05
Echo—EF (%)	56 (16;70)	56 (21;70)	56 (16;70)	>0.05

Notes: BP, blood pressure; MAP, mean arterial pressure; HR, heart rate; BMI, body mass index; ACE-Inhibitors, angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors; ARB, angiotensin receptor blocker; Echo, LVD, echocardiography left ventricular dimension; LVPW, left ventricular posterior wall dimension; LAD, left atrium dimension; A, aortic dimension; IVS, intra ventricular septum dimension; RV, right ventricular dimension; EF, ejection fraction.

Table 2. Renalase, norepinephrine (NE), dopamine (DA) concentration in study cohort and control group.

	Whole group	Control group	p
Renalase (ug/mL)	25.37 ± 7.3	3.86 ± 0.74	<0.05
NE (ng/mL)	Me = 0.7 (0.11–3.87)	Me = 0.39 (0.25–0.61)	<0.05
DA (pg/mL)	Me = 54.8 (0.0–630.8)	Me = 123.04 (1.47–675.3)	<0.05

Table 3. Renalase, norepinephrine (NE), and dopamine (DA) concentration in the study groups.

	PD group	HD group	p
DA (pg/mL)	Me = 45.61 (0.8–137.9)	Me = 59.00 (0.0–363.3)	NS
NE (ng/mL)	Me = 1.45 (0.59–3.87)	Me = 0.55 (0.1–2.08)	0.0001
Renalase (ug/mL)	19.24 ± 4.5	27.49 ± 6.9	0