Bone Pain Assessment and Relationship with Parathyroid Hormone and Health-Related Quality of Life in Hemodialysis

Figures & data

Table 1. Demographic characteristics and erythropoietin usage in hemodialysis patients recruited in the study.

Parameter	n = 95
Age (years) (mean ± SD, range)	53.9 ± 14.3 (20–82)
Gender (male/female) (n)	49/46
Hemodialysis vintage (months) (median, range)	48 (15–300)
Body mass index (kg/m^2) (mean ± SD, range)	24.5 ± 4.0 (17.4–33.2)
Previous renal transplantation (present/absent) (n)	7/88
Presence of hypertension (present/absent) (n)	63/32
Presence of diabetes mellitus (present/absent) (n)	30/65
Presence of coronary artery disease (present/absent) (n)	28/67
Presence of cerebrovascular disease (present/absent) (n)	14/81
Sleep disturbance (present/absent) (n)	42/53
Educational status (n)
Illiterate	34
Primary school graduate	32
Secondary school graduate	9
High school graduate	15
University graduate	5
Marital status (n)
Married/unmarried	83/12
Monthly income (n)
Satisfactory/unsatisfactory	62/33
Living arrangements (n)
Living with someone/living alone	88/7
Erythropoietin usage (present/absent) (n)	62/33

Note: SD, standard deviation.

Table 2. Laboratory characteristics and spKt/V of hemodialysis patients recruited in the study.

Parameter	n = 95
Hemoglobin (g/L) (mean ± SD)	115.7 ± 23.5
Plasma glucose (mmol/L) (mean ± SD)	7.15 ± 2.85
BUN (mmol/L) (mean ± SD)	23.93 ± 6.18
Creatinine (μmol/L) (mean ± SD)	680.7 ± 203.3
Albumin (g/L) (mean ± SD)	36.1 ± 5.36
Calcium (mmol/L) (mean ± SD)	2.23 ± 0.22
Phosphorus (mmol/L) (mean ± SD)	1.62 ± 0.48
Alkaline phosphatase (U/L) (median, range)	98.0 (42.0–502.0)
Ferritin (pmol/L) (median, range)	1416.9 (115.0–5111.9)
Hs-CRP (mg/dL) (median, range)	2.06 (0.03–36.04)
spKt/V (mean ± SD)	1.49 ± 0.26
iPTH (ng/L) (median, range)	220.0 (2.5–2007.0)

Notes: BUN, blood urea nitrogen; Hs-CRP, high-sensitive C-reactive protein; iPTH, intact parathyroid hormone.

Table 3. The Beck Depression Inventory, SF-36, and VAS scores of hemodialysis patients.

	n = 95
Parameter	Mean ± SD	Range
Beck Depression Inventory	16.1 ± 10.4	0–52
Physical functioning	35.5 ± 21.4	10–100
Role-physical limitation	28.5 ± 27.3	4–100
Bodily pain	19.4 ± 15.8	2–72
General health perception	33.9 ± 22.9	7–100
Vitality	32.0 ± 22.8	4–88
Social functioning	29.5 ± 27.5	2–100
Role emotional	29.4 ± 30.1	3–100
Mental health	38.7 ± 21.3	10–91
Physical component summary score	39.2 ± 14.6	25.5–77.2
Mental component summary score	38.7 ± 21.3	18.0–76.8
Visual analogue scale score	39.8 ± 32.1	10–100

Note: SD, Standard deviation.

Figure 1. Regression graphic demonstrating the negative correlation between logarithmic transformed VAS score and logarithmic transformed physical component summary score.

Figure 2. Regression graphic demonstrating the negative correlation between logarithmic transformed VAS score and logarithmic transformed mental component summary score.Notes: (logVAS, logarithmic transformed VAS score; logMCS, logarithmic transformed mental component summary score)

Table 4. The correlation of VAS scores of hemodialysis patients with Beck Depression Inventory score and SF-36 subscales.

	Visual analog scale
Parameter	Rho	p
BDI score	+0.113	0.275
Physical functioning	−0.305	0.003
Role-physical limitation	−0.231	0.024
Bodily pain	−0.206	0.045
General health perception	−0.300	0.003
Vitality	−0.327	0.001
Social functioning	−0.306	0.003
Role emotional	−0.268	0.009
Mental health	−0.305	0.003
Physical component summary score	−0.320	0.002
Mental component summary score	−0.247	0.016

Note: BDI, Beck Depression Inventory.

Table 5. Multivariate linear regression analysis of potential predictors of logVAS in hemodialysis patients.

Parameter	B	95% confidence interval	p
Model constant	1.861	0.803–2.920	0.001
Gender	0.148	−0.018–0.315	0.080
Hemodialysis vintage	0.028	0.008–0.066	0.062
Serum phosphorus	0.072	0.020–0.123	0.007
Calcium	–0.77	−0.169–0.015	0.100
Alkaline phosphatase	0.103	0.036–0.178	0.716
logiPTH	0.176	0.041–0.310	0.011
Erythropoietin injection	0.113	−0.056–0.281	0.187
PCS	−0.018	−0.031–(–0.005)	0.008
MCS	0.042	0.013–0.084	0.054

Notes: iPTH, intact parathyroid hormone; PCS, physical component summary score; MCS, mental component summary score.*R²: 0.365.