Amlodipine Increases Vitamin D Levels More Than Valsartan in Newly Diagnosed Hypertensive Patients: Pointing to an Additional Effect on Bone Metabolism or a Novel Marker of Inflammation?

Figures & data

Table 1. Demographics, anthropometrics, baseline characteristics, and laboratory results of the newly diagnosed hypertensive patients on amlodipine and valsartan treatment groups.

Parameter	Amlodipine	Valsartan	p
n	24	30
Age (years)	53.54 ± 11.33	51.2 ± 13.67	0.503
Sex (M/F) (n)	10/14	6/24	0.083
BMI (kg/m^2)	30.03 ± 3.78	30.09 ± 4.83	0.963
Systolic blood pressure (mmHg)	155.63 ± 9.37	155.57 ± 11.33	0.984
Diastolic blood pressure (mmHg)	91.71 ± 8.5	93.57 ± 7.58	0.407
WBC (/mm^3)	6941.67 ± 1435.24	7376.67 ± 1452.15	0.276
Hemoglobin (g/dL)	14.64 ± 1.3	14.26 ± 1.12	0.265
Hematocrit (%)	41.96 ± 3.69	41.55 ± 3.31	0.674
Platelet count (10^3/mm^3)	248.96 ± 69.45	261 ± 50.75	0.481
MCV (fl)	88.04 ± 4.68	85.74 ± 11.9	0.338
Fasting plasma glucose (mg/dL)	100.13 ± 10.54	95.27 ± 13.26	0.14
Urea (mg/dL)	31.04 ± 10.08	28.33 ± 7.8	0.285
Creatinine (mg/dL)	0.9 ± 0.12	0.88 ± 0.12	0.451
Na	139.98 ± 2.11	140.92 ± 2.1	0.11
K	4.36 ± 0.29	4.48 ± 0.38	0.206
Uric acid (mg/dL)	5.05 ± 0,9	5.02 ± 1.03	0.894
ALT (IU/mL)	26.04 ± 10.4	21.17 ± 13.43	0.139
AST (IU/mL)	23.46 ± 5.06	21.47 ± 5.44	0.17
Total cholesterol (mg/dL)	218.08 ± 56.79	224.72 ± 30.39	0.61
Triglyceride (mg/dL)	140.65 ± 52.28	143.9 ± 54.89	0.827
HDL (mg/dL)	51.74 ± 10	52.55 ± 14.26	0.811
LDL (mg/dL)	145.37 ± 38.84	142.8 ± 26.69	0.788
Vitamin D3 (ng/mL)	15.01 ± 6.01	17.35 ± 7.19	0.216
PTH (pg/mL)	50.92 ± 16.15	55.34 ± 18.23	0.416
Calcium (mg/dL)	9.85 ± 0.44	9.64 ± 0.47	0.107
Magnesium (mg/dL)	2.13 ± 0.19	2.07 ± 0.11	0.201
Phosphorus (mg/dL)	3.64 ± 0.5	3.54 ± 0.46	0.54
TSH	1.8 ± 1.66	1.88 ± 1.36	0.844

Notes: Values are given as mean ± standard deviation. BMI, body mass index; SBP, systolic blood pressure; DBP, diastolic blood pressure; HDL, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol; LDL, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol; PTH, Parathormone; WBC, white blood cell count; PLT, platelet count; Cr, creatinine; Hb, hemoglobin; Hct,hematocrit; TSH, thyroid stimulating hormone.

*χ² test; otherwise independent samples t-test.

Figure 1. Chart showing the changes in plasma vitamin D levels in amlodipine and valsartan treatment groups of newly diagnosed hypertensive patients before and after 12 weeks of antihypertensive treatment.

Table 2. The measurements of biochemical parameters that may influence vitamin D levels before and after treatment in amlodipine and valsartan groups. The increase in vitamin D levels was statistically significant in the amlodipine group.

	Amlodipine			Valsartan
	Baseline	12th week	p	Baseline	12th week	p
Vitamin D3 (ng/mL)	15.21 ± 6.25	22.25 ± 11.05	0.012	17.56 ± 7.3	20.93 ± 11.56	0.130
PTH (pg/mL)	49.54 ± 15.94	48.29 ± 13.52	0.757	52.33 ± 15.21	48.17 ± 12.24	0.242
Ca (mg/dl)	9.71 ± 0.46	9.66 ± 0.81	0.787	9.61 ± 0.51	9.65 ± 0.29	0.705
Mg (mg/dl)	2.16 ± 0.22	2.12 ± 0.15	0.625	2.06 ± 0.12	2.05 ± 0.12	0.769
P (mg/dl)	3.55 ± 0.55	3.16 ± 0.25	0.232	3.6 ± 0.31	3.49 ± 0.42	0.441
TSH (mIU/mL)	1.59 ± 0.84	1.74 ± 1.15	0.308	1.67 ± 1.48	1.4 ± 0.72	0.225

Notes: Values are given as mean ± standard deviation. PTH, Parathormone; TSH, thyroid stimulating hormone.

Paired samples t-test.