Reduced Plasma Zinc Levels, Lipid Peroxidation, and Inflammation Biomarkers Levels in Hemodialysis Patients: Implications to Cardiovascular Mortality

Figures & data

Figure 1. Plasma Zn levels in HD patients and healthy individuals.

Figure 2. Serum LDL(–) levels in HD patients and healthy individuals.

Table 1. General characteristics of the HD patients and healthy individuals.

	HD patients (n = 45)	Healthy individuals (n = 20)
Age (years)	54.6 ± 14.8	51.5 ± 10.6
Gender (M/F)	28/17	09/11
BMI (kg/m^2)	24.3 ± 4.1	25.2 ± 3.9
WC (cm)	91.2 ± 14	85.5 ± 12.3
Total cholesterol (mg/dL)	152.8 ± 38.4	183.9 ± 37.6
HDL-c (mg/dL)	29.3 ± 6.4**	33.7 ± 5.5
LDL-c (mg/dL)	102.5 ± 27.2**	122.1± 34.5
VLDL-c (mg/dL)	39.5 ± 15.5***	26.9 ± 6
Triglycerides (mg/dL)	197.2 ± 78.3***	134.5 ± 30
Dialysis dose (Kt/V)	1.47 ± 0.27	–
Dialysis duration (month)	49.7 ± 46.5	–

Notes: HD, hemodialysis; M, male; F, female; BMI, body mass index; WC, waist circumference; HDL-c, HDL-cholesterol;LDL-c, LDL-cholesterol.

*p = 0.04; **p = 0.01; ***p = 0.001.

Table 2. Plasma Zn levels and inflammatory markers in HD patients and healthy individuals.

	HD patients (n = 45)	Healthy individuals (n = 20)
Zn (μg/dL)	54.9 ± 16.1***	78.8 ± 9.4
TNF-α (pg/mL)	5.5 ± 2.2***	2.4 ± 1.1
IL-6 (pg/mL)	4.1 ± 1.6***	2.6 ± 0.2
CRP (mg/mL)	0.32 ± 0.30	0.09 ± 0.10
PAI-1 (ng/mL)	7.0 ± 2.7	6.2 ± 2.1
MCP-1 (pg/mL)	47.6 ± 24.2	37.3 ± 19
LDL (−) (U/L)	0.18 ± 0.12	0.10 ± 0.08

Notes: HD, hemodialysis; TNF-α, tumor necrosis factor-α IL-6, interleukin 6; CRP, C-reactive protein; PAI-1, plasminogen activator inhibitor-1; MCP-1, monocyte chemotactic protein-1; LDL(–), electronegative LDL.

*p = 0.04; **p = 0.001.