Leptin and plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 levels in children on chronic dialysis

Figures & data

Table 1. Demographic and anthropometric findings of study groups.

	Hemodialysis, n = 36	Peritoneal dialysis, n = 19	Control, n = 15	p Value
Age (Years)	15.0 ± 2.8	13.0 ± 3.5	14. 5 ± 2.7	>0. 05
Sex (Female/Male)	19/17	10/9	9/6	>0. 05
Body weight (kg)	34.6 ± 10. 9	33.7 ± 11.5	50. 5 ± 10. 3	<0. 05
Height (cm)	141.5 ± 14.4	135.5 ± 16. 9	159.9 ± 13.4	<0. 05
BMI (kg/m^2)	16.9 ± 3.0	17.7 ± 2.9	19. 8 ± 2. 9	<0. 05
Time period from the start of dialysis (years)	3.5 ± 2. 5	3.4 ± 2.5		>0. 05
Underlying disease
Urologic causes	16	8
Nephronophytisis	2	2
Chronic glomerulonephritis	9	3
Tubulointesrtitial nephritis	1	–
Renal agenesis	1	3
Polycystic kidney disease.	1	1
Unknown	6	2
Antihypertensive drug usage	16	9		>0.05
IV Iron usage	3	2		>0.05
IV Vitamin D usage	8	4		>0.05

Data are expressed mean ± standard deviation.

Table 2. Hematological findings of subjects.

	Hemodialysis, n = 36	Peritoneal dialysis, n = 19	Control, n = 15
Hemoglobin (g/dL)*	9.8 ± 1.8	9.9 ± 1.5	13.0 ± 0.8
Hematocrit (%)*	28.8 ± 6.3	28.9 ± 4.1	38.3 ± 2.2
Thrombocytes (10^5/mm^3)*	225 ± 76	282 ± 94	305 ± 80
Serum iron (mg/dL)	71 ± 29	90 ± 58	69 ± 23
Serum iron binding capacity (mg/dL)	230 ± 68	235 ± 39	277 ± 42
Ferritin (ng/mL)*	387 ± 369	333 ± 542	25 ± 20
Erythropoetin/Hematocrit	7.7 ± 3.1	5.8 ± 3.2	–
Erythropoetin dose (units/kg/week)	219 ± 82	167 ± 85
Prothrombin time (s)	13.9 ± 3.2	14.5 ± 2.1	12.9 ± 0.5
Partial thromboplastin time (s)	36.7 ± 20.9	38.5 ± 30.0	29.0 ± 2.0

*p < 0.05.

Table 3. Biochemical parameters and acute phase reactants of subjects.

	Hemodialysis, n = 36	Peritoneal dialysis, n = 19	Control, n = 15
BUN (mg/dL)	72 ± 25	67 ± 16	17 ± 3
Creatinine (mg/dL)	8.2 ± 2.1	10.7 ± 3.0	0.6 ± 0.1
Uric acid (mg/dL)	6.4 ± 2.2	6.7 ± 1.3	4.0 ± 0.9 C
Cholesterol (mg/dL)*	164 ± 39	191 ± 37	158 ± 25
HDL (mg/dL)*	41 ± 15	39 ± 10	53 ± 10
LDL (mg/dL)	94 ± 30	110 ± 32	86 ± 18
VLDL (mg/dL)*	32 ± 13	36 ± 21	17 ± 7
Cholesterol/HDL*	4.3 ± 1.3	4.9 ± 1.2	3.0 ± 0.4
Triglycerides (mg/dL)*	160 ± 73	184 ± 110	86 ± 36
Total protein (g/dL)*	7.1 ± 0. 7	6.5 ± 0.9	7.5 ± 0.3
Albumin (g/dL)*	4. 2 ± 0. 6	3.4 ± 0.6	4.5 ± 0. 3
C-Reactive protein (mg/L)*	8.1 ± 8.2	7.5 ± 7.0	2.9 ± 3.1
Erythrocyte sedimentation rate (mm/hour)*	42 ± 25	70 ± 33	12 ± 7
Fibrinogen (mg/dL)*	3.35 ± 0.95	3.48 ± 0.92	2.75 ± 0.54

*p < 0.05.

Figure 1. The mean serum leptin levels and BMI in study groups.

Figure 2. The mean serum PAI-1 levels in study groups.

Table 4. The correlations between log leptin, PAI-1 and age, BMI, dose of erythropoetin, nutritional markers, inflammatory findings and cardiovascular risk factors in the group of patients on hemodialysis and peritoneal dialysis (n = 55).

	Log Leptin, (r)	p Value	PAI-1 (r)	p Value
Log leptin (ng/mL)	–	–	0.560	<0.001
PAI-1 (ng/mL)	0.560	<0.001	–	–
Age (years)	0.468	0.003	0.259	0.033
BMI (kg/m^2)	0.581	<0.001	0.296	0.013
Leptin/BMI	0.648	<0.001	0.455	<0.001
Weekly erythropoetin dose (u/kg/week)	0.057	NS	0.464	0.001
Erythropoetin/Hematocrit (u/kg/week/%)	0.081	NS	0.439	0.002
Nutritional markers
Total protein (g/dL)	0.369	0.003	0.191	NS
Albumin (g/dL)	0.343	0.005	0.216	NS
Inflammatory markers
ESR (mm/h)	−0.017	NS	−0.394	0.018
C-reactive protein (mg/L)	−0276	NS	−0.091	NS
Fibrinogen (mg/dL)	0.423	0.001	0.173	NS
Ferritin (ng/mL)	0.001	NS	−0.057	NS
Lipid levels
Triglyceride (mg/dL)	0.192	NS	0.167	NS
Cholesterol (mg/dL)	0.050	NS	0.113	NS
HDL (mg/dL)	0.006	NS	−0.038	NS
LDL (mg/dL)	0.283	0.035	0.288	0.028
VLDL (mg/dL)	−0.050	NS	0.099	NS
Cholesterol/HDL	0.260	0.049	0.305	0.018

NS, not significant; PAI-1, plasminogen activator inhibitor-1; BMI, body mass index; ESR, erythrocyte sedimentation rate; HDL, high density lipoprotein; LDL, low density lipoprotein; VLDL, very low density lipoprotein.

Figure 3. The regression plot of log leptin and PAI-1 in hemodialysis patients.

Figure 4. The regression plot of log leptin and PAI-1 in peritoneal dialysis patients.