The relationship between atherogenic index of plasma and epicardial adipose tissue in hemodialysis and peritoneal dialysis patients

Figures & data

Table 1. Demograhic and biochemical parameters of ESRD patients and healthy subjects.

Parameters	Healthy subjects (n = 42) (Mean ± SD)	ESRD patient (n = 76) (Mean ± SD)	p Value
Age (years)	51 ± 12	49.5 ± 14	0.82
Male/female	23/19	46/30	0.67
BMI (kg/m^2)	26.1 ± 5.4	26.7 ± 5.3	0.53
SBP (mmHg)	130 ± 8	138 ± 28	0.18
DBP (mmHg)	82 ± 7	86 ± 16	0.09
Hemoglobin (g/dL)	12.7 ± 1.9	11.5 ± 1.6	0.001
Albumin (g/dL)	3.8 ± 0.50	3.8 ± 0.49	0.67
Calcium (mg/dL)	–	9.1 ± 0.9	–
Phosphorus (mg/dL)	–	4.6 ± 1.3	–
Parathormone (pg/mL)	–	386 ± 403	–
LDL cholesterol (mg/dL)	109 ± 25	121 ± 35	0.28
HDL cholesterol (mg/dL)	38 ± 11	36 ± 13	0.39
Triglyceride (mg/dL)	110 ± 55	167 ± 91	<0.001
hs-CRP (mg/dL)	9.6 ± 2.9	14.5 ± 16	0.99
AIP	0.43 ± 0.25	0.62 ± 0.26	0.001
Epicardial adipose tissue (cm^3)	104 ± 48	160 ± 76	<0.001

Table 2. Demographic features and biochemical values of ESRD patients according to EAT group.

Parameters	Group 1 (EAT < 136 cm^3) (Mean ± SD) (n = 37)	Group 2 (EAT ≥ 136 cm^3) (Mean ± SD) (n = 39)	p Value
Age (years)	43.4 ± 13.5	55.2 ± 12.3	<0.001
DM n (%)	3 (7.1%)	3 (10.7%)	0.46
Dialysis vintage (months)	52 ± 27	61 ± 48	0.50
Kt/V	1.85 ± 0.53	1.82 ± 0.68	0.32
BMI (kg/m^2)	25.1 ± 4.5	28.3 ± 5.6	0.005
SBP (mmHg)	143 ± 33	134 ± 24	0.22
DBP (mmHg)	81 ± 11	89 ± 14	0.34
Uric acid (mg/dL)	4.8 ± 1.1	5.3 ± 1.2	0.09
Calcium (mg/dL)	9.2 ± 1.0	9.0 ± 0.9	0.25
Phosphorus (mg/dL)	4.8 ± 1.3	4.4 ± 1.3	0.21
Parathormone (pg/mL)	396 ± 356	378 ± 449	0.29
Albumin (g/dL)	3.8 ± 0.4	3.8 ± 0.5	0.90
LDL (mg/dL)	122 ± 39	120 ± 32	0.98
Triglyceride (mg/dL)	126 ± 69	176 ± 97	0.09
HDL (mg/dL)	47 ± 11	50 ± 28	0.37
Total cholesterol (mg/dL)	178 ± 51	190 ± 45	0.71
hs-CRP (mg/L)	13 ± 16	13 ± 11	0.34
AIP	0.49 ± 0.27	0.65 ± 0.25	0.05

SBP, systolic blood pressure; DBP, diastolic blood pressure; DM, diabetes mellitus; LDL, low-density lipoprotein; HDL, high-density lipoprotein; hs-CRP, high sensitive C-reactive protein.

Figure 1. The correlation between EAT and AIP in ESRD patients.

Figure 2. The correlation between EAT and AIP in healthy controls.

Table 3. Univariate correlation analysis of parameters of ESRD patients related to AIP.

Parameters	r	p Value
Albumin (g/dL)	0.245	0.033
BMI (kg/m^2)	0.229	0.047
Total cholesterol (mg/dL)	0.310	0.006
LDL cholesterol (mg/dL)	0.06	0.67
EAT (cm3)	0.252	0.0028

BMI, body mass index; EAT, epicardial adipose tissue; r, correlation coefficient.

Table 4. The independent predictors of EAT in linear regression analysis.

Parameters	Standardized Beta‡	t	p Value	95% CI
STEP 1
Age (years)	0.501	3.680	0.001	1.24–4.31
BMI (kg/m^2)	0.326	2.384	0.023	0.785–9.858
AIP	0.167	1.036	0.307	−44.56–137.31
LDL (mg/dL)	0.101	0.778	0.440	−0.385–0.857
Albumin (d/dL)	0.044	0.268	0.790	−49.55–64.59
hs-CRP (mg/dL)	0.004	0.023	0.982	−1.31–1.348
Dialysis vintage (months)	−0.120	−0.873	0.389	−9.045–3.61
r^2 = 0.509
Adjusted r^2 = 0.407
p = 0.001
STEP 6
Age (years)	2.509	3.660	0.45	1.12–3.89
BMI (kg/m^2)	6.271	3.102	0.38	2.18–10.36
r^2 = 0.509
Adjusted r^2 = 0.440
p < 0.001

Lewington S, Whitlock G, Clarke R, et al. Blood cholesterol and vascular mortality by age, sex, and blood pressure: a meta-analysis of individual data from 61 prospective studies with 55,000 vascular deaths. Lancet. 2007;370(9602):1829–1839

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