Lymphocyte populations and apoptosis of peripheral blood B and T lymphocytes in children with end stage renal disease

Figures & data

Figure 1. Flow cytometric analysis of lymphocyte populations: (A) Forward and side scatter histogram was used to define the lymphocyte population (R1). (B) The expression of B and T cell markers were assessed in the lymphocyte population as CD4⁺ and CD8⁺ compared with the negative isotype control (not shown). (C) CD19⁺ cells were gated. (D, E) The expression of CD5 and CD27 in B cells was detected.

Figure 2. Flow cytometric detection of apoptosis of B and T lymphocytes: (A) Forward and side scatter histogram was used to define the lymphocyte population (R1). (B and C) CD19⁺ B cells and CD3⁺ T cells were gated. (D) Annexin V expression on lymphocyte populations. The positivity was defined as fluorescence (grey (green) histogram) higher than that of the isotype control (black (blue) histogram).

Table 1. Baseline clinical and biochemical characteristics of patients with ESRD and controls.

	Patients (n = 28)	Controls (n = 30)	p-Value
Age (years): Mean ± SD	8.7 ± 3.69	7.9 ± 4.10	NS
Range	4–16	4–15	–
Sex (male/ female)	15/13	16/14	–
Platelet count (10^9/L)	206.05 ± 25.11	231.25 ± 15.70	NS
Hemoglobin (gm/dL)	8.49 ± 0.23	12.3 ± 0.26	< 0.001
BUN (mg/dL)	68.34 ± 5.37	14.24 ± 1.88	<0.001
Creatinine (mg/dL)	9.78 ± 0.79	0.89 ± 0.23	<0.0001
Calcium (mg/dL)	9.36 ± 0.70	9.03 ± 0.50	NS
Phosphorus (mg/dL)	5.10 ± 0.9	3.1 ± 0.12	<0.001
Albumin (g/dL)	3.9 ± 0.60	4.1 ± 0.55	NS

Mann–Whitney test.

Data presented as means ± SD, p ≤ 0.05 is significant.

BUN, blood urea nitrogen; ESRD, end-stage renal disease; NS, non-significant.

Table 2. Leukocyte count and lymphocyte subsets in patients with ESRD and controls.

	Patients (28)	Control (30)	p-Value
WBCs count (10^9/L)	6.72 ± 0.22	6.89 ± 0.46	NS
Neutrophils (10^9/L)	4.04 ± 0.12	5.06 ± 0.49	<0.05
Lymphocytes (10^9/L)	1.57 ± 0.11	1.98 ± 0.14	<0.05
Monocytes (10^9/L)	0.31 ± 0.06	0.71 ± 0.05	<0.001
CD3^+ T cells (10^9/L)	1.06 ± 0.09	1.85 ± 0.03	<0.05
CD4^+ T cells (10^9/L)	0.67 ± 0.05	0.99 ± 0.07	0.001
CD8^+ T cells (10^9/L)	0.49 ± 0.04	0.52 ± 0.03	NS
CD4^+/CD8^+ ratio	1.39 ± 0.06	1.71 ± 0.03	<0.001
CD19^+ B-lymphocytes (10^9/L)	0.22 ± 0.02	0.34 ± 0.02	<0.001
Innate B1 cells CD19^+ CD5^+ (10^9/L)	0.05 ± 0.004	0.08 ± 0.006	<0.001
Conventional B2 cells CD19^+ CD5^− (10^9/L)	0.16 ± 0.01	0.25 ± 0.02	<0.001
Memory B cells CD19^+ CD27^+ (10^9/L)	0.08 ± 0.01	0.12 ± 0.01	<0.001

Mann–Whitney test.

Data presented as means ± SD; p ≤ 0.05 is significant; NS, non-significant.

Table 3. Apoptosis of B lymphocytes and T lymphocytes in patients with ESRD and controls.

Percentage %	Patients (28)	Control (30)	p-Value
Apoptotic B lymphocytes	21.57 ± 2.45	9.67 ± 0.54	0.001
Apoptotic T lymphocytes	36.23 ± 2.65	8.48 ± 0.54	0.001

Notes: Mann–Whitney test.

Data presented as means ± SD; p ≤ 0.05 is significant; NS, non-significant.