Renalase might be associated with hypertension and insulin resistance in Type 2 diabetes

Figures & data

Table 1. Metabolic and biochemical characteristics of the patients with T2DM and the control subjects.

Parameter	Control (n = 13)	DM1 (n = 27)	DM2 (n = 48)
BUN (mmol/L)	4.9 ± 0.3	5.8 ± 0.3	11.2 ± 1.1^a
SCr (μmol/L)	76.7 ± 2.6	59.1 ± 2.6	312.8 ± 50.9^a
BMI (kg/m^2)	21.4 ± 1.6	24.1 ± 3.1^a	24.9 ± 5.3^a
TC (mmol/L)	4.7 ± 0.2	4.4 ± 0.2	5.2 ± 0.3
TG (mmol/L)	1.4 ± 0.3	1.9 ± 0.4	2.1 ± 0.3
HDL (mmol/L)	1.3 ± 0.1	1.2 ± 0.1	1.2 ± 0.1
LDL (mmol/L)	3.2 ± 0.2	2.7 ± 0.2	2.9 ± 0.2
FPG (mmol/L)	5.3 ± 0.1	8.6 ± 1.0^a	8.3 ± 0.7^a
HbA1c (%)	4.8 ± 0.9	9.3 ± 1.8^a	7.5 ± 1.9^a

Notes: ^aCompared with control group, p < 0.05.

DM1, patients with T2DM not complicated with renal injury. DM2, patients with T2DM complicated with CKD. DM, patients with T2DM, composed of DM1 and DM2. BUN, blood urea nitrogen; SCr, serum creatinine; TC, serum total cholesterol; TG, serum triglyceride; HDL, high-density lipoprotein; LDL, low density lipoprotein; FPG, fasting plasma glucose.

Table 2. Serum renalase and CA in patients with T2DM.

Group	N	Renalase (ng/L)	CA (ng/L)	R/C
Control	13	137.0 ± 8.6	164.5 ± 8.3	0.83 ± 0.03
DM1	27	202.5 ± 9.2^a	191.9 ± 3.8	1.05 ± 0.03^a
DM2	48	201.7 ± 14.1^a	212.7 ± 11.5^a	0.94 ± 0.03
DM	75	202.0 ± 9.6^a	205.2 ± 7.5^a	0.96 ± 0.02^a

Notes: ^aCompared with control, p < 0.05.

CA, serum catecholamine. R/C, ratio of serum renalase to serum catecholamine. DM1, patients with T2DM not complicated with renal injury. DM2, patients with T2DM complicated with CKD. DM, patients with T2DM, composed of DM1 and DM2.

Figure 1. Significant correlations between serum renalase and serum CA, SBP, SCr, and eGFR. Levels of serum renalase strongly correlated with CA levels (r = 0.795, p < 0.001), positively correlated with SBP (r = 0.217, p = 0.042) and SCr (r = 0.295, p = 0.007), and negatively correlated with eGFR (r = 0.222, p = 0.044).

Table 3. Correlation analysis between serum renalase and other parameters.

	Renalase		R/C
Parameters	r	p	r	p
CA	0.795**	0.000	0.139	0.198
Age	0.130	0.227	0.120	0.264
Gender	−0.006	0.953	0.018	0.866
SBP (DM group)	0.217*	0.042	0.067	0.535
DBP (DM group)	0.165	0.125	0.108	0.318
Waistline	−0.004	0.987	−0.199	0.429
Hipline	0.102	0.687	−0.237	0.344
Scr	0.295**	0.007	0.347**	0.001
BMI	0.147	0.247	−0.030	0.814
HOMA2-%S	0.019	0.908	0.340*	0.037
C-peptide	0.054	0.719	−0.233	0.120
FPG	0.109	0.338	0.099	0.388
eGFR	−0.222*	0.044	−0.126	0.257
HbA1c	−0.093	0.492	0.055	0.682
GA	−0.051	0.712	0.006	0.963

Notes: *p < 0.05, **p < 0.01.

CA, serum catecholamine. R/C, ratio of serum renalase to catecholamine. SBP, systolic blood pressure. DBP, diastolic blood pressure. SCr, serum creatinine. BMI, body mass index. eGFR, estimated glomerular filtration rate. HbA1c, hemoglobin A1c. GA, glycated albumin.

Figure 2. Significant correlation between serum renalase, CA ratio and HOMA2-%S R/C ratio was positively correlated with SCr (r = 0.347, p = 0.001) and HOMA2-%S (r = 0.340, p = 0.037).