The importance of ultrasonographic measurement of peritoneal wall thickness in pediatric chronic peritoneal dialysis patients

Figures & data

Figure 1. Ultrasonographic apperance of the peritoneal wall (0.7 mm) (white arrow).

Figure 2. Peritoneal wall thickness in PD patients and controls (p = 0.01).

Figure 3. The relationship between peritoneal wall thickness and body height (A) and body mass index (B).

Figure 4. The relationship between peritoneal wall thickness and dialysis duration (A), D/P_Creatinine (B), episodes of peritonitis (C) and D4/D0_Glucose (D).

Table 1. Underlying diseases of the patients.

Etiology	Study group n (%)	Control group n (%)	Total n (%)
Vesicoureteral reflux	7 (14.3)	7 (14.3)	14 (28.6)
Primary glomerulonephritis	6 (12.2)	3 (6.2)	9 (18.4)
Obstructive uropathy	2 (4.1)	7 (14.3)	9 (18.4)
Chronic pyelonephritis	4 (8.2)	1 (2)	5 (10.2)
Neurogenic bladder	1 (2)	3 (6.2)	4 (8.2)
Polycystic kidney disease	0 (0)	2 (4)	2 (4.1)
Alport syndrome	1 (2)	0 (0)	2 (4.1)
IgA nephropathy	1 (2)	0 (0)	1 (2.0)
Bartter syndrome	1 (2)	0 (0)	1 (2.0)
Unknown	0 (0)	2 (4)	2 (4.0)
Total	23 (46.9)	26 (53.1)	49 (100)

Table 2. Demographic, physical and laboratory features of the patients.

	PD group	Control group	p
Patient number (n) (%)	23 (46.9)	26 (53.1)	0.10
Gender (F/M) (n)	13/10	7/19	0.06
Age (year)	12.4 ± 4.70	12.1 ± 4.44	0.80
Peritoneal wall thickness (μm) (mean ± SD)	1028.26 ± 157.26	786.52 ± 132.33	0.01
Anthropometric measurements (mean ± SD)
Body mass index (kg/m^2)	17 ± 2	17 ± 3	0.86
Weight SD	−1.62 ± 1.31	−1.74 ± 1.22	0.26
Height SD	−2.42 ± 1.88	−1.81 ± 1.55	0.33
Dialysis duration (month), (mean ± SD)	34.61 ± 27.78	–	–
Disease duration (month), (mean ± SD)	46.43 ± 30.62	44.85 ± 21 ± 58	0.07
Dialysis adequacy (mean ± SD)
CrCl^a	37.0 ± 15.6^b	33.4 ± 28.1^c	–
Kt/V	2.96 ± 0.94	–	–
D/Creatinine	0.81 ± 0.74	–	–
D4/D0Glucose	0.40 ± 0.15	–	–
Episodes of peritonitis (1 attack/patient month)	1/23.5	–	–
CVS assessment (mean ± SD)
LVMI (g/m^2.^7)	46.23 ± 13.78	30.04 ± 6.06	0.01
Systolic blood pressure (mm/Hg)	115 ± 15	112 ± 14	0.23
Diastolic blood pressure (mm/Hg)	73 ± 14	70 ± 12	0.36
Patient with hypertension (n) (%)	5 (21.7)	7 (26.9)	0.08
Hemoglobin (g/dL) (mean ± SD)	9.4 ± 1.86	11.3 ± 1.76	0.01
Albumin (g/dL) (mean ± SD)	3.4 ± 0.48	4.2 ± 0.56	0.01
ROD indexes
PTH (ng/mL) (median)	233	113	0.01
Ca × P (mg^2/dL^2) (mean ± SD)	51 ± 13	49 ± 8	0.48

Notes: Bold lines are statistically significant. SD: standard deviation, CrCl: creatinine clearance, Kt/V: dialysis adequacy index, D/P_cre: dialysate creatinine/plasma creatinine at 4th hour, D₄/D0_Glucose: 4th hour dialysate glucose/0th dialysate glucose, CVS: cardiovascular system, LVMI: left ventricular mass index, ROD: renal osteodystrophy, PTH: parathyroid hormone, Ca: calcium, P: phosphorus.

^aNo statistical analyses were made.

^bL/week/1.73 m².

^cmL/min/1.73 m².